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Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Critical review on the stability of illicit drugs in sewers and wastewater samples
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Water Research, October 2015
|
| DOI | 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.040 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Ann-Kathrin McCall, Richard Bade, Juliet Kinyua, Foon Yin Lai, Phong K. Thai, Adrian Covaci, Lubertus Bijlsma, Alexander L.N. van Nuijs, Christoph Ort |
| Abstract |
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) applies advanced analytical methods to quantify drug residues in wastewater with the aim to estimate illicit drug use at the population level. Transformation processes during transport in sewers (chemical and biological reactors) and storage of wastewater samples before analysis are expected to change concentrations of different drugs to varying degrees. Ignoring transformation for drugs with low to medium stability will lead to an unknown degree of systematic under- or overestimation of drug use, which should be avoided. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge related to the stability of commonly investigated drugs and, furthermore, suggest a more effective approach to future experiments. From over 100 WBE studies, around 50 mentioned the importance of stability and 24 included tests in wastewater. Most focused on in-sample stability (i.e., sample preparation, preservation and storage) and some extrapolated to in-sewer stability (i.e., during transport in real sewers). While consistent results were reported for rather stable compounds (e.g., MDMA and methamphetamine), a varying range of stability under different or similar conditions was observed for other compounds (e.g., cocaine, amphetamine and morphine). Wastewater composition can vary considerably over time, and different conditions prevail in different sewer systems. In summary, this indicates that more systematic studies are needed to: i) cover the range of possible conditions in sewers and ii) compare results more objectively. To facilitate the latter, we propose a set of parameters that should be reported for in-sewer stability experiments. Finally, a best practice of sample collection, preservation, and preparation before analysis is suggested in order to minimize transformation during these steps. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profile of 1 X user who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 264 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
| Sweden | 1 | <1% |
| Israel | 1 | <1% |
| Spain | 1 | <1% |
| United States | 1 | <1% |
| Poland | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 258 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 48 | 18% |
| Student > Master | 48 | 18% |
| Researcher | 30 | 11% |
| Student > Bachelor | 20 | 8% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 9 | 3% |
| Other | 38 | 14% |
| Unknown | 71 | 27% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | 45 | 17% |
| Environmental Science | 41 | 16% |
| Engineering | 26 | 10% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 10 | 4% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 9 | 3% |
| Other | 41 | 16% |
| Unknown | 92 | 35% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 05 December 2015.
All research outputs
#22,758,309
of 25,373,627 outputs
Outputs from Water Research
#9,084
of 11,875 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#251,798
of 294,140 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Water Research
#76
of 129 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,373,627 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 11,875 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 5.0. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 294,140 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 129 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.