| Title |
Acute and Chronic Lead Exposure in Four Avian Scavenger Species in Switzerland
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, September 2018
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00244-018-0561-7 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Kathrin Ganz, Lukas Jenni, Milena M. Madry, Thomas Kraemer, Hannes Jenny, David Jenny |
| Abstract |
Despite irrefutable evidence of its negative impact on animal behaviour and physiology, lethal and sublethal lead poisoning of wildlife is still persistent and widespread. For scavenging birds, ingestion of ammunition, or fragments thereof, is the major exposure route. In this study, we examined the occurrence of lead in four avian scavengers of Switzerland and how it differs between species, regions, and age of the bird. We measured lead concentration in liver and bone of the two main alpine avian scavengers (golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos and bearded vulture Gypaetus barbatus) over the entire area of the Swiss Alps and two of the main avian scavengers occurring in the lowlands of Switzerland (red kite Milvus milvus and common raven Corvus corax). Of those four species, only the bearded vulture is an obligate scavenger. We found that lead burdens in the two alpine avian scavengers were higher than those found for the same species elsewhere in Europe or North America and reached levels compatible with acute poisoning, whereas lead burdens of the two lowland avian scavengers seemed to be lower. Several golden eagles, but only one red kite with abnormally high bone lead concentrations were found. In all four species, a substantial proportion of birds had elevated levels which presumably represent recent (liver lead levels) or past (bone lead levels) uptake of sublethal doses of lead. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 20 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 5 | 25% |
| Italy | 1 | 5% |
| South Africa | 1 | 5% |
| Morocco | 1 | 5% |
| United States | 1 | 5% |
| Switzerland | 1 | 5% |
| Unknown | 10 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 15 | 75% |
| Scientists | 4 | 20% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 5% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 93 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 93 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 13 | 14% |
| Other | 12 | 13% |
| Student > Master | 12 | 13% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 8 | 9% |
| Student > Bachelor | 7 | 8% |
| Other | 8 | 9% |
| Unknown | 33 | 35% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 23 | 25% |
| Environmental Science | 14 | 15% |
| Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 9 | 10% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 3 | 3% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 2% |
| Other | 4 | 4% |
| Unknown | 38 | 41% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 14. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 02 October 2018.
All research outputs
#2,514,101
of 24,755,976 outputs
Outputs from Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
#86
of 2,212 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#51,196
of 347,219 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
#1
of 28 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 24,755,976 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 89th percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 2,212 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.7. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 96% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 347,219 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done well, scoring higher than 85% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 28 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.