Title |
Genomic blueprint of a relapsing fever pathogen in 15th century Scandinavia
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Published in |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, September 2018
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DOI | 10.1073/pnas.1807266115 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Meriam Guellil, Oliver Kersten, Amine Namouchi, Egil L Bauer, Michael Derrick, Anne Ø Jensen, Nils C Stenseth, Barbara Bramanti |
Abstract |
Louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) is known to have killed millions of people over the course of European history and remains a major cause of mortality in parts of the world. Its pathogen, Borrelia recurrentis, shares a common vector with global killers such as typhus and plague and is known for its involvement in devastating historical epidemics such as the Irish potato famine. Here, we describe a European and historical genome of Brecurrentis, recovered from a 15th century skeleton from Oslo. Our distinct European lineage has a discrete genomic makeup, displaying an ancestral oppA-1 gene and gene loss in antigenic variation sites. Our results illustrate the potential of ancient DNA research to elucidate dynamics of reductive evolution in a specialized human pathogen and to uncover aspects of human health usually invisible to the archaeological record. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 10 | 16% |
Norway | 6 | 10% |
United Kingdom | 4 | 6% |
Italy | 2 | 3% |
Germany | 2 | 3% |
Japan | 1 | 2% |
Sweden | 1 | 2% |
Mexico | 1 | 2% |
Ireland | 1 | 2% |
Other | 2 | 3% |
Unknown | 33 | 52% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 31 | 49% |
Scientists | 26 | 41% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 3 | 5% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 5% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 51 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 7 | 14% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 6 | 12% |
Professor | 5 | 10% |
Student > Master | 4 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 6% |
Other | 9 | 18% |
Unknown | 17 | 33% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 11 | 22% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 8% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 3 | 6% |
Unspecified | 2 | 4% |
Arts and Humanities | 2 | 4% |
Other | 8 | 16% |
Unknown | 21 | 41% |