| Title |
Strength and size relationships of the quadriceps and hamstrings with special reference to reciprocal muscle balance
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
European Journal of Applied Physiology, December 2015
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00421-015-3321-7 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Pavlos E. Evangelidis, Garry J. Massey, Matthew T. G. Pain, Jonathan P. Folland |
| Abstract |
This study examined the association of muscle size and strength for the quadriceps and hamstrings, the relationship between the size of these muscles, and whether the H:Q size ratio influenced reciprocal strength balance-widely regarded as a risk factor for hamstrings injury. Knee extensor and flexor isometric, concentric and eccentric (50 and 350° s(-1)) strength were measured in 31 healthy, recreationally active young men. Muscle volume was measured with magnetic resonance imaging. The knee flexors achieved higher concentric and eccentric torques (normalised to isometric values) than the extensors. Muscle volume explained a significant part of the inter-individual differences in strength in both extensors (isometric 71 %, concentric 30-31 %) and flexors (isometric 38 %, concentric 50-55 %). Notably, muscle size was related to knee flexor eccentric strength (r = 0.69-0.76; R (2) = 48-58 %) but not extensor eccentric strength. Quadriceps and hamstrings volumes were moderately correlated (r = 0.64), with the majority of the variance in the size of one muscle (59 %) not explained by the size of the other muscle. The hamstrings-to-quadriceps (H:Q) volume ratio was correlated with the isometric (r = 0.45) and functional strength ratios (350° s(-1), r = 0.56; 50° s(-1), r = 0.34). Muscle size exhibited a differential influence on knee extensor and flexor eccentric strength. Quadriceps and hamstrings muscle size was related, and the H:Q size ratio contributed to their strength ratios. Muscle size imbalances contribute to functional imbalances and these findings support the use of hamstrings strength training with an emphasis on hypertrophic adaptations for reducing injury risk. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 26 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 6 | 23% |
| United Kingdom | 5 | 19% |
| Spain | 2 | 8% |
| Canada | 1 | 4% |
| Greece | 1 | 4% |
| Australia | 1 | 4% |
| Burkina Faso | 1 | 4% |
| Unknown | 9 | 35% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 17 | 65% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 5 | 19% |
| Scientists | 3 | 12% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 4% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 169 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 169 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 29 | 17% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 27 | 16% |
| Student > Master | 24 | 14% |
| Researcher | 16 | 9% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 7 | 4% |
| Other | 30 | 18% |
| Unknown | 36 | 21% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Sports and Recreations | 61 | 36% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 21 | 12% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 13 | 8% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 4% |
| Engineering | 5 | 3% |
| Other | 13 | 8% |
| Unknown | 50 | 30% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 19. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 25 February 2016.
All research outputs
#1,892,261
of 25,374,917 outputs
Outputs from European Journal of Applied Physiology
#616
of 4,345 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#31,683
of 399,631 outputs
Outputs of similar age from European Journal of Applied Physiology
#11
of 36 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,374,917 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 92nd percentile: it's in the top 10% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 4,345 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 14.6. This one has done well, scoring higher than 85% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 36 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 69% of its contemporaries.