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Langerhans Cell Homeostasis and Activation Is Altered in Hyperplastic Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7 Expressing Epidermis

Overview of attention for article published in PLOS ONE, May 2015
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Title
Langerhans Cell Homeostasis and Activation Is Altered in Hyperplastic Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7 Expressing Epidermis
Published in
PLOS ONE, May 2015
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0127155
Pubmed ID
Authors

Nor Malia Abd Warif, Patrizia Stoitzner, Graham R. Leggatt, Stephen R. Mattarollo, Ian H. Frazer, Merilyn H. Hibma

Abstract

It has previously been shown that expression of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV) E7 in epidermis causes hyperplasia and chronic inflammation, characteristics of pre-malignant lesions. Importantly, E7-expressing epidermis is strongly immune suppressed and is not rejected when transplanted onto immune competent mice. Professional antigen presenting cells are considered essential for initiation of the adaptive immune response that results in graft rejection. Langerhans cells (LC) are the only antigen presenting cells located in normal epidermis and altered phenotype and function of these cells may contribute to the immune suppressive microenvironment. Here, we show that LC are atypically activated as a direct result of E7 expression in the epidermis, and independent of the presence of lymphocytes. The number of LC was significantly increased and the LC are functionally impaired, both in migration and in antigen uptake. However when the LC were extracted from K14E7 skin and matured in vitro they were functionally competent to present and cross-present antigen, and to activate T cells. The ability of the LC to present and cross-present antigen following maturation supports retention of full functional capacity when removed from the hyperplastic skin microenvironment. As such, opportunities are afforded for the development of therapies to restore normal LC function in hyperplastic skin.

Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 25 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Unknown 25 100%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Ph. D. Student 8 32%
Student > Bachelor 3 12%
Student > Master 2 8%
Student > Postgraduate 2 8%
Professor > Associate Professor 2 8%
Other 3 12%
Unknown 5 20%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 5 20%
Medicine and Dentistry 5 20%
Immunology and Microbiology 4 16%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 2 8%
Environmental Science 1 4%
Other 2 8%
Unknown 6 24%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 02 January 2016.
All research outputs
#20,299,108
of 22,836,570 outputs
Outputs from PLOS ONE
#173,968
of 194,874 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#222,354
of 265,459 outputs
Outputs of similar age from PLOS ONE
#5,903
of 6,816 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,836,570 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 194,874 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 15.1. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 265,459 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 6,816 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.