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Explosive eruption of coal and basalt and the end-Permian mass extinction

Overview of attention for article published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, December 2011
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About this Attention Score

  • In the top 5% of all research outputs scored by Altmetric
  • High Attention Score compared to outputs of the same age (99th percentile)
  • High Attention Score compared to outputs of the same age and source (96th percentile)

Mentioned by

news
10 news outlets
blogs
4 blogs
twitter
83 X users
facebook
1 Facebook page
wikipedia
11 Wikipedia pages
video
2 YouTube creators

Citations

dimensions_citation
61 Dimensions

Readers on

mendeley
145 Mendeley
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Title
Explosive eruption of coal and basalt and the end-Permian mass extinction
Published in
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, December 2011
DOI 10.1073/pnas.1118675109
Pubmed ID
Authors

Darcy E. Ogden, Norman H. Sleep

Abstract

The end-Permian extinction decimated up to 95% of carbonate shell-bearing marine species and 80% of land animals. Isotopic excursions, dissolution of shallow marine carbonates, and the demise of carbonate shell-bearing organisms suggest global warming and ocean acidification. The temporal association of the extinction with the Siberia flood basalts at approximately 250 Ma is well known, and recent evidence suggests these flood basalts may have mobilized carbon in thick deposits of organic-rich sediments. Large isotopic excursions recorded in this period are potentially explained by rapid venting of coal-derived methane, which has primarily been attributed to metamorphism of coal by basaltic intrusion. However, recently discovered contemporaneous deposits of fly ash in northern Canada suggest large-scale combustion of coal as an additional mechanism for rapid release of carbon. This massive coal combustion may have resulted from explosive interaction with basalt sills of the Siberian Traps. Here we present physical analysis of explosive eruption of coal and basalt, demonstrating that it is a viable mechanism for global extinction. We describe and constrain the physics of this process including necessary magnitudes of basaltic intrusion, mixing and mobilization of coal and basalt, ascent to the surface, explosive combustion, and the atmospheric rise necessary for global distribution.

X Demographics

X Demographics

The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 83 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 145 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Netherlands 2 1%
United States 2 1%
France 1 <1%
Canada 1 <1%
Unknown 139 96%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Researcher 32 22%
Student > Bachelor 28 19%
Student > Ph. D. Student 22 15%
Professor > Associate Professor 12 8%
Student > Master 10 7%
Other 24 17%
Unknown 17 12%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Earth and Planetary Sciences 66 46%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 24 17%
Environmental Science 7 5%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 6 4%
Physics and Astronomy 6 4%
Other 17 12%
Unknown 19 13%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 164. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 24 March 2024.
All research outputs
#250,386
of 25,593,129 outputs
Outputs from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#4,667
of 103,400 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#1,182
of 249,613 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#28
of 828 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,593,129 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 99th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 103,400 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 39.5. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 95% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 249,613 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 828 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 96% of its contemporaries.