Title |
Aerodynamics, sensing and control of insect-scale flapping-wing flight
|
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Published in |
Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences, February 2016
|
DOI | 10.1098/rspa.2015.0712 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Wei Shyy, Chang-kwon Kang, Pakpong Chirarattananon, Sridhar Ravi, Hao Liu |
Abstract |
There are nearly a million known species of flying insects and 13 000 species of flying warm-blooded vertebrates, including mammals, birds and bats. While in flight, their wings not only move forward relative to the air, they also flap up and down, plunge and sweep, so that both lift and thrust can be generated and balanced, accommodate uncertain surrounding environment, with superior flight stability and dynamics with highly varied speeds and missions. As the size of a flyer is reduced, the wing-to-body mass ratio tends to decrease as well. Furthermore, these flyers use integrated system consisting of wings to generate aerodynamic forces, muscles to move the wings, and sensing and control systems to guide and manoeuvre. In this article, recent advances in insect-scale flapping-wing aerodynamics, flexible wing structures, unsteady flight environment, sensing, stability and control are reviewed with perspective offered. In particular, the special features of the low Reynolds number flyers associated with small sizes, thin and light structures, slow flight with comparable wind gust speeds, bioinspired fabrication of wing structures, neuron-based sensing and adaptive control are highlighted. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 1 | 25% |
Australia | 1 | 25% |
United States | 1 | 25% |
Unknown | 1 | 25% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 3 | 75% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 25% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 263 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 69 | 26% |
Student > Master | 50 | 19% |
Researcher | 29 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 19 | 7% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 13 | 5% |
Other | 32 | 12% |
Unknown | 53 | 20% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Engineering | 139 | 52% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 32 | 12% |
Physics and Astronomy | 12 | 5% |
Neuroscience | 5 | 2% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 3 | 1% |
Other | 16 | 6% |
Unknown | 58 | 22% |