| Title |
The embryonic development of Schistosoma mansoni eggs: proposal for a new staging system
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Development Genes and Evolution, May 2009
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00427-009-0285-9 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Arnon D. Jurberg, Tiana Gonçalves, Tatiane A. Costa, Ana Carolina A. de Mattos, Bernardo M. Pascarelli, Pedro Paulo A. de Manso, Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves, Marcelo Pelajo-Machado, José M. Peralta, Paulo Marcos Z. Coelho, Henrique L. Lenzi |
| Abstract |
Schistosomiasis is a water-borne parasitic illness caused by neoophoran trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. Using classical histological techniques and whole-mount preparations, the present work describes the embryonic development of Schistosoma mansoni eggs in the murine host and compares it with eggs maintained under in vitro conditions. Two pre-embryonic stages occur inside the female worm: the prezygotic stage is characterized by the release of mature oocytes from the female ovary until its fertilization. The zygotic stage encompasses the migration of the zygote through the ootype, where the eggshell is formed, to the uterus. Fully formed eggs are laid still undeveloped, without having suffered any cleavage. In the outside environment, eight embryonic stages can be defined: stage 1 refers to early cleavages and the beginning of yolk fusion. Stage 2 represents late cleavage, with the formation of a stereoblastula and the onset of outer envelope differentiation. Stage 3 is defined by the elongation of the embryonic primordium and the onset of inner envelope formation. At stage 4, the first organ primordia arise. During stages 5 to 7, tissue and organ differentiation occurs (neural mass, epidermis, terebratorium, musculature, and miracidial glands). Stage 7 is characterized by the nuclear condensation of neurons of the central neural mass. Stage 8 refers to the fully formed larva, presenting muscular contraction, cilia, and flame-cell beating. This staging system was compared to a previous classification and could underlie further studies on egg histoproteomics (morphological localizome). The differentiation of embryonic structures and their probable roles in granulomatogenesis are discussed herein. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 81 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 2 | 2% |
| Australia | 1 | 1% |
| Uruguay | 1 | 1% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | 1% |
| United States | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 75 | 93% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 19 | 23% |
| Researcher | 15 | 19% |
| Student > Master | 12 | 15% |
| Student > Bachelor | 9 | 11% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 5 | 6% |
| Other | 9 | 11% |
| Unknown | 12 | 15% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 37 | 46% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 11 | 14% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 6% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 4 | 5% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 3 | 4% |
| Other | 4 | 5% |
| Unknown | 17 | 21% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 03 June 2009.
All research outputs
#16,049,105
of 23,815,455 outputs
Outputs from Development Genes and Evolution
#373
of 495 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#80,082
of 94,827 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Development Genes and Evolution
#2
of 3 outputs
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So far Altmetric has tracked 495 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 4.3. This one is in the 15th percentile – i.e., 15% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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