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AnkyrinG is required to maintain axo-dendritic polarity in vivo

Overview of attention for article published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, October 2009
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Citations

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135 Mendeley
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Title
AnkyrinG is required to maintain axo-dendritic polarity in vivo
Published in
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, October 2009
DOI 10.1073/pnas.0909267106
Pubmed ID
Authors

Jürgen-Markus Sobotzik, Jana Maria Sie, Chrisoula Politi, Domenico Del Turco, Vann Bennett, Thomas Deller, Christian Schultz

Abstract

Neurons are highly polarized cells that extend a single axon and several dendrites. Studies with cultured neurons indicate that the proximal portion of the axon, denoted as the axon initial segment (AIS), maintains neuronal polarity in vitro. The membrane-adaptor protein ankyrinG (ankG) is an essential component of the AIS. To determine the relevance of ankG for neuronal polarity in vivo, we studied mice with a cerebellum-specific ankG deficiency. Strikingly, ankG-depleted axons develop protrusions closely resembling dendritic spines. Such axonal spines are enriched with postsynaptic proteins, including ProSAP1/Shank2 and ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. In addition, immunofluorescence indicated that axonal spines are contacted by presynaptic glutamatergic boutons. For further analysis, double mutants were obtained by crossbreeding ankG(-/-) mice with L7/Purkinje cell-specific promoter 2 (PCP2) mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in Purkinje cells (PCs). This approach allowed precise confocal microscopic mapping of EGFP-positive spiny axons and their subsequent identification at the electron microscopic level. Ultrastructurally, axonal spines contained a typical postsynaptic density and established asymmetric excitatory synapses with presynaptic boutons containing synaptic vesicles. In the shaft of spiny axons, typical ultrastructural features of the AIS, including the membrane-associated dense undercoating and cytoplasmic bundles of microtubules, were absent. Finally, using time-lapse imaging of organotypic cerebellar slice cultures, we demonstrate that nonspiny PC axons of EGFP-positive/ankG(-/-) mice acquire a spiny phenotype within a time range of only 3 days. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that axons of ankG-deficient mice acquire hallmark features of dendrites. AnkG thus is important for maintaining appropriate axo-dendritic polarity in vivo.

Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 135 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Germany 2 1%
United Kingdom 1 <1%
China 1 <1%
India 1 <1%
Unknown 130 96%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Ph. D. Student 27 20%
Researcher 26 19%
Student > Master 17 13%
Student > Bachelor 14 10%
Professor > Associate Professor 9 7%
Other 27 20%
Unknown 15 11%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 61 45%
Neuroscience 28 21%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 12 9%
Medicine and Dentistry 9 7%
Psychology 2 1%
Other 8 6%
Unknown 15 11%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 4. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 09 March 2010.
All research outputs
#7,080,750
of 24,625,114 outputs
Outputs from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#59,831
of 101,438 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#30,785
of 97,649 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#392
of 657 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 24,625,114 research outputs across all sources so far. This one has received more attention than most of these and is in the 69th percentile.
So far Altmetric has tracked 101,438 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 38.8. This one is in the 39th percentile – i.e., 39% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 97,649 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 66% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 657 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 37th percentile – i.e., 37% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.