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C4GEM, a Genome-Scale Metabolic Model to Study C4 Plant Metabolism

Overview of attention for article published in Plant Physiology, October 2010
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Title
C4GEM, a Genome-Scale Metabolic Model to Study C4 Plant Metabolism
Published in
Plant Physiology, October 2010
DOI 10.1104/pp.110.166488
Pubmed ID
Authors

Cristiana Gomes de Oliveira Dal’Molin, Lake-Ee Quek, Robin William Palfreyman, Stevens Michael Brumbley, Lars Keld Nielsen

Abstract

Leaves of C(4) grasses (such as maize [Zea mays], sugarcane [Saccharum officinarum], and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor]) form a classical Kranz leaf anatomy. Unlike C(3) plants, where photosynthetic CO(2) fixation proceeds in the mesophyll (M), the fixation process in C(4) plants is distributed between two cell types, the M cell and the bundle sheath (BS) cell. Here, we develop a C(4) genome-scale model (C4GEM) for the investigation of flux distribution in M and BS cells during C(4) photosynthesis. C4GEM, to our knowledge, is the first large-scale metabolic model that encapsulates metabolic interactions between two different cell types. C4GEM is based on the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) model (AraGEM) but has been extended by adding reactions and transporters responsible to represent three different C(4) subtypes (NADP-ME [for malic enzyme], NAD-ME, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase). C4GEM has been validated for its ability to synthesize 47 biomass components and consists of 1,588 unique reactions, 1,755 metabolites, 83 interorganelle transporters, and 29 external transporters (including transport through plasmodesmata). Reactions in the common C(4) model have been associated with well-annotated C(4) species (NADP-ME subtypes): 3,557 genes in sorghum, 11,623 genes in maize, and 3,881 genes in sugarcane. The number of essential reactions not assigned to genes is 131, 135, and 156 in sorghum, maize, and sugarcane, respectively. Flux balance analysis was used to assess the metabolic activity in M and BS cells during C(4) photosynthesis. Our simulations were consistent with chloroplast proteomic studies, and C4GEM predicted the classical C(4) photosynthesis pathway and its major effect in organelle function in M and BS. The model also highlights differences in metabolic activities around photosystem I and photosystem II for three different C(4) subtypes. Effects of CO(2) leakage were also explored. C4GEM is a viable framework for in silico analysis of cell cooperation between M and BS cells during photosynthesis and can be used to explore C(4) plant metabolism.

Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 234 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Brazil 4 2%
United States 4 2%
Germany 3 1%
China 2 <1%
United Kingdom 2 <1%
Australia 1 <1%
South Africa 1 <1%
New Zealand 1 <1%
Singapore 1 <1%
Other 5 2%
Unknown 210 90%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Ph. D. Student 58 25%
Researcher 55 24%
Student > Master 28 12%
Student > Doctoral Student 18 8%
Student > Bachelor 13 6%
Other 35 15%
Unknown 27 12%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 127 54%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 37 16%
Computer Science 11 5%
Engineering 9 4%
Chemical Engineering 3 1%
Other 16 7%
Unknown 31 13%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 26 November 2010.
All research outputs
#17,285,036
of 25,373,627 outputs
Outputs from Plant Physiology
#10,975
of 12,427 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#87,704
of 108,562 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Plant Physiology
#65
of 74 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,373,627 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 21st percentile – i.e., 21% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 12,427 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 7.1. This one is in the 6th percentile – i.e., 6% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 108,562 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 11th percentile – i.e., 11% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 74 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 6th percentile – i.e., 6% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.