Title |
Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: case definitions for use in resource-limited settings
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Published in |
Lancet Infectious Diseases, August 2008
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DOI | 10.1016/s1473-3099(08)70184-1 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Graeme Meintjes, Stephen D Lawn, Fabio Scano, Gary Maartens, Martyn A French, William Worodria, Julian H Elliott, David Murdoch, Robert J Wilkinson, Catherine Seyler, Laurence John, Maarten Schim van der Loeff, Peter Reiss, Lut Lynen, Edward N Janoff, Charles Gilks, Robert Colebunders, for the International Network for the Study of HIV-associated IRIS |
Abstract |
The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) has emerged as an important early complication of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings, especially in patients with tuberculosis. However, there are no consensus case definitions for IRIS or tuberculosis-associated IRIS. Moreover, previously proposed case definitions are not readily applicable in settings where laboratory resources are limited. As a result, existing studies on tuberculosis-associated IRIS have used a variety of non-standardised general case definitions. To rectify this problem, around 100 researchers, including microbiologists, immunologists, clinicians, epidemiologists, clinical trialists, and public-health specialists from 16 countries met in Kampala, Uganda, in November, 2006. At this meeting, consensus case definitions for paradoxical tuberculosis-associated IRIS, ART-associated tuberculosis, and unmasking tuberculosis-associated IRIS were derived, which can be used in high-income and resource-limited settings. It is envisaged that these definitions could be used by clinicians and researchers in a variety of settings to promote standardisation and comparability of data. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
South Africa | 5 | 1% |
United States | 3 | <1% |
Brazil | 3 | <1% |
Netherlands | 2 | <1% |
Kenya | 2 | <1% |
Mozambique | 1 | <1% |
Sweden | 1 | <1% |
Tanzania, United Republic of | 1 | <1% |
Belgium | 1 | <1% |
Other | 3 | <1% |
Unknown | 364 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 68 | 18% |
Student > Master | 57 | 15% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 46 | 12% |
Student > Postgraduate | 43 | 11% |
Other | 30 | 8% |
Other | 87 | 23% |
Unknown | 55 | 14% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 199 | 52% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 34 | 9% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 21 | 5% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 14 | 4% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 13 | 3% |
Other | 36 | 9% |
Unknown | 69 | 18% |