| Title |
The insula and drug addiction: an interoceptive view of pleasure, urges, and decision-making
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Brain Structure and Function, May 2010
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00429-010-0268-7 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Nasir H. Naqvi, Antoine Bechara |
| Abstract |
We have recently shown that damage to the insula leads to a profound disruption of addiction to cigarette smoking (Naqvi et al., Science 315:531-534, 2007). Yet, there is little understanding of why the insula should play such an important role in an addictive behavior. A broad literature (much of it reviewed in this issue) has addressed the role of the insula in processes related to conscious interoception, emotional experience, and decision-making. Here, we review evidence for the role of the insula in drug addiction, and propose a novel theoretical framework for addiction in which the insula represents the interoceptive effects of drug taking, making this information available to conscious awareness, memory and executive functions. A central theme of this framework is that a primary goal for the addicted individual is to obtain the effects of the drug use ritual upon the body, and representations of this goal in interoceptive terms by the insula contribute to how addicted individuals feel, remember, and decide about taking drugs. This makes drug addiction like naturally motivated behaviors, such as eating and sex, for which an embodied ritual is the primary goal. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 526 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 10 | 2% |
| Germany | 3 | <1% |
| Brazil | 3 | <1% |
| Netherlands | 2 | <1% |
| Italy | 2 | <1% |
| United Kingdom | 2 | <1% |
| France | 1 | <1% |
| India | 1 | <1% |
| Canada | 1 | <1% |
| Other | 5 | <1% |
| Unknown | 496 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 111 | 21% |
| Researcher | 96 | 18% |
| Student > Bachelor | 71 | 13% |
| Student > Master | 42 | 8% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 34 | 6% |
| Other | 102 | 19% |
| Unknown | 70 | 13% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Psychology | 172 | 33% |
| Neuroscience | 81 | 15% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 60 | 11% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 52 | 10% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 8 | 2% |
| Other | 51 | 10% |
| Unknown | 102 | 19% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 02 July 2010.
All research outputs
#17,700,438
of 25,837,817 outputs
Outputs from Brain Structure and Function
#1,316
of 2,051 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#87,664
of 106,382 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Brain Structure and Function
#18
of 20 outputs
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