Title |
Early Ketamine to Treat Refractory Status Epilepticus
|
---|---|
Published in |
Neurocritical Care, January 2012
|
DOI | 10.1007/s12028-011-9668-7 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Andreas H. Kramer |
Abstract |
Management of refractory status epilepticus (SE) involves administration of intravenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA(A)) receptor agonists, such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or propofol. Animal models suggest that reductions in synaptic GABA(A) receptors may cause these drugs to become less effective as the duration of SE increases. This may explain the large doses that are commonly required to control seizures, which in turn contributes to a high incidence of complications, including hypotension and the need for vasopressors. In contrast, expression of excitatory N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors increases with prolonged SE and their stimulation by glutamate may propagate seizure activity. Ketamine is a NMDA-receptor antagonist that is considered promising as treatment for refractory SE. Compared with other anaesthetic drugs, ketamine produces less hypotension. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 3 | 75% |
Australia | 1 | 25% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 3 | 75% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 25% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Brazil | 3 | 3% |
United States | 2 | 2% |
Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
Spain | 1 | <1% |
Belgium | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 94 | 92% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Researcher | 21 | 21% |
Other | 13 | 13% |
Student > Postgraduate | 11 | 11% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 8 | 8% |
Professor | 7 | 7% |
Other | 25 | 25% |
Unknown | 17 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 6% |
Neuroscience | 4 | 4% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 3 | 3% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 3 | 3% |
Other | 9 | 9% |
Unknown | 20 | 20% |