| Title |
Infection of honey bees with acute bee paralysis virus does not trigger humoral or cellular immune responses
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Archives of Virology, January 2012
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00705-012-1223-0 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Klara Azzami, Wolfgang Ritter, Jürgen Tautz, Hildburg Beier |
| Abstract |
We have studied the responses of honey bees at different life stages (Apis mellifera) to controlled infection with acute bee paralysis virus and have identified the haemolymph of infected larvae and adult worker bees as the compartment where massive propagation of ABPV occurs. Insects respond with a broad spectrum of induced innate immune reactions to bacterial infections, whereas defence mechanisms based on RNA interference play a major role in antiviral immunity. In this study, we have determined that honey bee larvae and adult workers do not produce a humoral immune reaction upon artificial infection with ABPV, in contrast to control individuals challenged with Escherichia coli. ABPV-infected bees produced neither elevated levels of specific antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as hymenoptaecin and defensin, nor any general antimicrobial activity, as revealed by inhibition-zone assays. Additionally, adult bees did not generate melanised nodules upon ABPV infection, an important cellular immune function activated by bacteria and viruses in some insects. Challenge of bees with both ABPV and E. coli showed that innate humoral and cellular immune reactions are induced in mixed infections, albeit at a reduced level. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 118 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 2 | 2% |
| United States | 2 | 2% |
| Colombia | 1 | <1% |
| Sweden | 1 | <1% |
| Germany | 1 | <1% |
| Mexico | 1 | <1% |
| Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 109 | 92% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 26 | 22% |
| Researcher | 23 | 19% |
| Student > Master | 16 | 14% |
| Student > Bachelor | 11 | 9% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 6 | 5% |
| Other | 15 | 13% |
| Unknown | 21 | 18% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 64 | 54% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 7 | 6% |
| Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 6 | 5% |
| Environmental Science | 4 | 3% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 4 | 3% |
| Other | 7 | 6% |
| Unknown | 26 | 22% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 24 January 2023.
All research outputs
#8,500,244
of 25,355,907 outputs
Outputs from Archives of Virology
#1,032
of 4,480 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#76,370
of 257,897 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Archives of Virology
#8
of 16 outputs
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So far Altmetric has tracked 4,480 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 3.9. This one is in the 47th percentile – i.e., 47% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 16 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 18th percentile – i.e., 18% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.