Title |
Bacterial medium-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acid metabolites trigger immunity in Arabidopsis plants
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Published in |
Science, April 2019
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DOI | 10.1126/science.aau1279 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Alexander Kutschera, Corinna Dawid, Nicolas Gisch, Christian Schmid, Lars Raasch, Tim Gerster, Milena Schäffer, Elwira Smakowska-Luzan, Youssef Belkhadir, A Corina Vlot, Courtney E Chandler, Romain Schellenberger, Dominik Schwudke, Robert K Ernst, Stéphan Dorey, Ralph Hückelhoven, Thomas Hofmann, Stefanie Ranf |
Abstract |
In plants, cell-surface immune receptors sense molecular non-self-signatures. Lipid A of Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide is considered such a non-self-signature. The receptor kinase LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE-SPECIFIC REDUCED ELICITATION (LORE) mediates plant immune responses to Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas but not enterobacterial lipid A or lipopolysaccharide preparations. Here, we demonstrate that synthetic and bacterial lipopolysaccharide-copurified medium-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acid (mc-3-OH-FA) metabolites elicit LORE-dependent immunity. The mc-3-OH-FAs are sensed in a chain length- and hydroxylation-specific manner, with free (R)-3-hydroxydecanoic acid [(R)-3-OH-C10:0] representing the strongest immune elicitor. By contrast, bacterial compounds comprising mc-3-OH-acyl building blocks but devoid of free mc-3-OH-FAs-including lipid A or lipopolysaccharide, rhamnolipids, lipopeptides, and acyl-homoserine-lactones-do not trigger LORE-dependent responses. Hence, plants sense low-complexity bacterial metabolites to trigger immune responses. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Germany | 27 | 18% |
United States | 18 | 12% |
United Kingdom | 11 | 7% |
Netherlands | 9 | 6% |
Austria | 7 | 5% |
France | 4 | 3% |
Canada | 4 | 3% |
Japan | 4 | 3% |
India | 4 | 3% |
Other | 18 | 12% |
Unknown | 47 | 31% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Scientists | 75 | 49% |
Members of the public | 70 | 46% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 7 | 5% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | <1% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 202 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 42 | 21% |
Researcher | 34 | 17% |
Student > Master | 30 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 17 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 8 | 4% |
Other | 27 | 13% |
Unknown | 44 | 22% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 80 | 40% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 49 | 24% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 6 | 3% |
Chemistry | 4 | 2% |
Environmental Science | 1 | <1% |
Other | 7 | 3% |
Unknown | 55 | 27% |