Title |
Feeling Bad About Being Sad: The Role of Social Expectancies in Amplifying Negative Mood
|
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Published in |
Emotion, February 2012
|
DOI | 10.1037/a0024755 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Brock Bastian, Peter Kuppens, Matthew J. Hornsey, Joonha Park, Peter Koval, Yukiko Uchida |
Abstract |
Our perception of how others expect us to feel has significant implications for our emotional functioning. Across 4 studies the authors demonstrate that when people think others expect them not to feel negative emotions (i.e., sadness) they experience more negative emotion and reduced well-being. The authors show that perceived social expectancies predict these differences in emotion and well-being both more consistently than-and independently of-personal expectancies and that they do so by promoting negative self-evaluation when experiencing negative emotion. We find evidence for these effects within Australia (Studies 1 and 2) as well as Japan (Study 2), although the effects of social expectancies are especially evident in the former (Studies 1 and 2). We also find experimental evidence for the causal role of social expectancies in negative emotional responses to negative emotional events (Studies 3 and 4). In short, when people perceive that others think they should feel happy, and not sad, this leads them to feel sad more frequently and intensely. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 7 | 30% |
Indonesia | 2 | 9% |
France | 1 | 4% |
Comoros | 1 | 4% |
Australia | 1 | 4% |
Korea, Republic of | 1 | 4% |
Unknown | 10 | 43% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 19 | 83% |
Scientists | 3 | 13% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 4% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 2 | <1% |
Portugal | 1 | <1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Malaysia | 1 | <1% |
Japan | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 208 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 41 | 19% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 38 | 18% |
Student > Bachelor | 25 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 19 | 9% |
Researcher | 13 | 6% |
Other | 37 | 17% |
Unknown | 42 | 20% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 131 | 61% |
Social Sciences | 10 | 5% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 8 | 4% |
Business, Management and Accounting | 7 | 3% |
Sports and Recreations | 4 | 2% |
Other | 16 | 7% |
Unknown | 39 | 18% |