Title |
‘Candidatus Adiutrix intracellularis’, an endosymbiont of termite gut flagellates, is the first representative of a deep‐branching clade of Deltaproteobacteria and a putative homoacetogen
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Published in |
Environmental Microbiology, April 2016
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DOI | 10.1111/1462-2920.13234 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Wakako Ikeda-Ohtsubo, Jürgen F H Strassert, Tim Köhler, Aram Mikaelyan, Ivan Gregor, Alice C McHardy, Susannah Green Tringe, Phil Hugenholtz, Renate Radek, Andreas Brune |
Abstract |
Termite gut flagellates are typically colonized by specific bacterial symbionts. Here we describe the phylogeny, ultrastructure, and subcellular location of 'Candidatus Adiutrix intracellularis', an intracellular symbiont of Trichonympha collaris in the termite Zootermopsis nevadensis. It represents a novel, deep-branching clade of uncultured Deltaproteobacteria widely distributed in intestinal tracts of termites and cockroaches. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and transmission electron microscopy localized the endosymbiont near hydrogenosomes in the posterior part and near the ectosymbiont 'Candidatus Desulfovibrio trichonymphae' in the anterior part of the host cell. The draft genome of 'Ca. Adiutrix intracellularis' obtained from a metagenomic library revealed the presence of a complete gene set encoding the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, including two homologs of fdhF encoding hydrogenase-linked formate dehydrogenases (FDHH ) and all other components of the recently described hydrogen-dependent carbon dioxide reductase (HDCR) complex, which substantiates previous claims that the symbiont is capable of reductive acetogenesis from CO2 and H2 . The close phylogenetic relationship between the HDCR components and their homologs in homoacetogenic Firmicutes and Spirochaetes suggests that the deltaproteobacterium acquired the capacity for homoacetogenesis via lateral gene transfer. The presence of genes for nitrogen fixation and the biosynthesis of amino acids and co-factors indicate the nutritional nature of the symbiosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. |
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United States | 3 | 38% |
Netherlands | 1 | 13% |
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Unknown | 3 | 38% |
Demographic breakdown
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Members of the public | 2 | 25% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 13% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
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Czechia | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 72 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 17 | 23% |
Researcher | 13 | 18% |
Student > Master | 9 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 5 | 7% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 4% |
Other | 14 | 19% |
Unknown | 12 | 16% |
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 13 | 18% |
Environmental Science | 4 | 5% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 4 | 5% |
Computer Science | 2 | 3% |
Other | 4 | 5% |
Unknown | 15 | 21% |