| Title |
Presence of GAD65 autoantibodies in the serum of children with autism or ADHD
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, February 2012
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00787-012-0245-1 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Ujjwal K. Rout, Nils K. Mungan, Dirk M. Dhossche |
| Abstract |
Antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) have been detected in the serum of patients with several neurological disorders. The presence of antibodies against GAD65 has not yet been examined in the serum of patients with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, GAD65 antibodies and total IgG were assayed in the serum of normal subjects and patients diagnosed with autism or ADHD. GAD65 antibodies were detected in the serum of 15% of children with autism (N = 20), 27% of children with ADHD (N = 15) and of none of the controls (N = 14). The serum of 60% of autistic and 53% of ADHD patients reacted with Purkinje neurons in mouse cerebellum. Serum from 20% of ADHD patients reacted also with the cells in the molecular and granule cell layers and cells in the vicinity of the Purkinje neurons. No association was found between the titer of GAD65 antibodies and total IgG levels, and presence of seizures or mental retardation. None of the ADHD patients were diagnosed with mental retardation. Serum anti-GAD65 antibodies may be a common marker of subgroups of patients with autism and ADHD. Reactions of serum antibodies with the cells in the cerebellum in these patients suggest direct effects on brain function. The subgroup of children with autism and ADHD that tests positive for GAD65 antibodies needs further characterization in a larger study. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 20 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 4 | 20% |
| France | 1 | 5% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | 5% |
| Canada | 1 | 5% |
| Unknown | 13 | 65% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 18 | 90% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 10% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 68 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Israel | 1 | 1% |
| Netherlands | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 66 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 11 | 16% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 9 | 13% |
| Student > Bachelor | 8 | 12% |
| Other | 7 | 10% |
| Researcher | 7 | 10% |
| Other | 11 | 16% |
| Unknown | 15 | 22% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Neuroscience | 11 | 16% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 10 | 15% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 10 | 15% |
| Psychology | 7 | 10% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 3 | 4% |
| Other | 7 | 10% |
| Unknown | 20 | 29% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 31. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 12 March 2024.
All research outputs
#1,283,812
of 25,727,480 outputs
Outputs from European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
#132
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Outputs of similar age
#8,364
of 256,878 outputs
Outputs of similar age from European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
#1
of 20 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,727,480 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 95th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
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