| Title |
Multiparameter toxicity assessment of novel DOPO-derived organophosphorus flame retardants
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Archives of Toxicology, February 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00204-016-1680-4 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Cordula Hirsch, Britta Striegl, Stephanie Mathes, Christian Adlhart, Michael Edelmann, Epifania Bono, Sabyasachi Gaan, Khalifah A. Salmeia, Lisa Hoelting, Alice Krebs, Johanna Nyffeler, Regina Pape, Alexander Bürkle, Marcel Leist, Peter Wick, Stefan Schildknecht |
| Abstract |
Halogen-free organophosphorus flame retardants are considered as replacements for the phased-out class of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). However, toxicological information on new flame retardants is still limited. Based on their excellent flame retardation potential, we have selected three novel 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) derivatives and assessed their toxicological profile using a battery of in vitro test systems in order to provide toxicological information before their large-scale production and use. PBDE-99, applied as a reference compound, exhibited distinct neuro-selective cytotoxicity at concentrations ≥10 µM. 6-(2-((6-oxido-6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinin-6-yl)amino)ethoxy)-6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide (ETA-DOPO) and 6,6'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine-6-oxide) (EG-DOPO) displayed adverse effects at concentrations >10 µM in test systems reflecting the properties of human central and peripheral nervous system neurons, as well as in a set of non-neuronal cell types. DOPO and its derivative 6,6'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine-6-oxide) (EDA-DOPO) were neither neurotoxic, nor did they exhibit an influence on neural crest cell migration, or on the integrity of human skin equivalents. The two compounds furthermore displayed no inflammatory activation potential, nor did they affect algae growth or daphnia viability at concentrations ≤400 µM. Based on the superior flame retardation properties, biophysical features suited for use in polyurethane foams, and low cytotoxicity of EDA-DOPO, our results suggest that it is a candidate for the replacement of currently applied flame retardants. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 50% |
| Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 74 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| South Africa | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 73 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 12 | 16% |
| Researcher | 11 | 15% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 9 | 12% |
| Student > Bachelor | 8 | 11% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 5% |
| Other | 11 | 15% |
| Unknown | 19 | 26% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | 13 | 18% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 6 | 8% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 5 | 7% |
| Materials Science | 5 | 7% |
| Environmental Science | 3 | 4% |
| Other | 14 | 19% |
| Unknown | 28 | 38% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 28. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 19 July 2016.
All research outputs
#1,177,880
of 22,852,911 outputs
Outputs from Archives of Toxicology
#67
of 2,640 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#21,324
of 297,594 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Archives of Toxicology
#1
of 28 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,852,911 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 94th percentile: it's in the top 10% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 2,640 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 6.2. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 97% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 297,594 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 92% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 28 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 96% of its contemporaries.