Title |
Glutamine and glutamate: Nonessential or essential amino acids?
|
---|---|
Published in |
Animal Nutrition, September 2015
|
DOI | 10.1016/j.aninu.2015.08.008 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Malcolm Watford |
Abstract |
Glutamine and glutamate are not considered essential amino acids but they play important roles in maintaining growth and health in both neonates and adults. Although glutamine and glutamate are highly abundant in most feedstuffs there is increasing evidence that they may be limiting during pregnancy, lactation and neonatal growth, particularly when relatively low protein diets are fed. Supplementation of diets with glutamine, glutamate or both at 0.5 to 1.0% to both suckling and recently weaned piglets improves intestinal and immune function and results in better growth. In addition such supplementation to the sow prevents some of the loss of lean body mass during lactation, and increases milk glutamine content. However, a number of important questions related to physiological condition, species under study and the form and amount of the supplements need to be addressed before the full benefits of glutamine and glutamate supplementation in domestic animal production can be realized. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Spain | 1 | 25% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 25% |
Unknown | 2 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 3 | 75% |
Scientists | 1 | 25% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 197 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 31 | 16% |
Student > Master | 27 | 14% |
Student > Bachelor | 23 | 12% |
Researcher | 19 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 9 | 5% |
Other | 25 | 13% |
Unknown | 63 | 32% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 40 | 20% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 30 | 15% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 11 | 6% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 8 | 4% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 7 | 4% |
Other | 32 | 16% |
Unknown | 69 | 35% |