Title |
MMR-Vaccine and Regression in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Negative Results Presented from Japan
|
---|---|
Published in |
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, July 2006
|
DOI | 10.1007/s10803-006-0157-3 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Tokio Uchiyama, Michiko Kurosawa, Yutaka Inaba |
Abstract |
It has been suggested that the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) is a cause of regressive autism. As MMR was used in Japan only between 1989 and 1993, this time period affords a natural experiment to examine this hypothesis. Data on 904 patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were analyzed. During the period of MMR usage no significant difference was found in the incidence of regression between MMR-vaccinated children and non-vaccinated children. Among the proportion and incidence of regression across the three MMR-program-related periods (before, during and after MMR usage), no significant difference was found between those who had received MMR and those who had not. Moreover, the incidence of regression did not change significantly across the three periods. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 9 | 19% |
Japan | 5 | 10% |
United Kingdom | 5 | 10% |
Canada | 3 | 6% |
Germany | 1 | 2% |
Netherlands | 1 | 2% |
Saudi Arabia | 1 | 2% |
Comoros | 1 | 2% |
Mexico | 1 | 2% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 21 | 44% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 41 | 85% |
Scientists | 3 | 6% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 6% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | 3% |
Spain | 2 | 2% |
India | 1 | <1% |
Italy | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 104 | 93% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 30 | 27% |
Student > Bachelor | 19 | 17% |
Researcher | 12 | 11% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 12 | 11% |
Other | 7 | 6% |
Other | 17 | 15% |
Unknown | 15 | 13% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 31 | 28% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 26 | 23% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 11 | 10% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 6 | 5% |
Social Sciences | 4 | 4% |
Other | 14 | 13% |
Unknown | 20 | 18% |