| Title |
The effects of smoking on bone metabolism
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Osteoporosis International, February 2012
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00198-012-1940-y |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
V. Yoon, N. M. Maalouf, K. Sakhaee |
| Abstract |
Osteoporosis is a common, morbid and costly disorder characterized by deterioration in bone strength. Cigarette smoking is associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. There are basic, clinical, and observational studies that define several of the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms that predispose smokers to bone loss. Such mechanisms include alterations in calciotropic hormone metabolism and intestinal calcium absorption, dysregulation in sex hormone production and metabolism, alterations in adrenal cortical hormone metabolism and in the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) system (RANK-RANKL-OPG system), and direct cellular effects of cigarette use on bone cells. In addition, there is evidence of reversibility in the aforementioned mechanisms with smoking cessation. In summary, cigarette smoking is a reversible risk factor for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures through diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 4 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Canada | 2 | 50% |
| United States | 1 | 25% |
| Unknown | 1 | 25% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 4 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 233 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Spain | 1 | <1% |
| Mexico | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 231 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 47 | 20% |
| Student > Master | 35 | 15% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 25 | 11% |
| Researcher | 18 | 8% |
| Other | 11 | 5% |
| Other | 34 | 15% |
| Unknown | 63 | 27% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 78 | 33% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 19 | 8% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 16 | 7% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 15 | 6% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 7 | 3% |
| Other | 27 | 12% |
| Unknown | 71 | 30% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 16. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 20 October 2022.
All research outputs
#2,051,460
of 23,563,389 outputs
Outputs from Osteoporosis International
#333
of 3,710 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#12,097
of 157,802 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Osteoporosis International
#5
of 48 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,563,389 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 91st percentile: it's in the top 10% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 3,710 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 7.7. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 91% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 157,802 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 92% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 48 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 89% of its contemporaries.