| Title |
Gadolinium-based contrast agent toxicity: a review of known and proposed mechanisms
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
BioMetals, April 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s10534-016-9931-7 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Moshe Rogosnitzky, Stacy Branch |
| Abstract |
Gadolinium chelates are widely used as contrast media for magnetic resonance imaging. The approved gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have historically been considered safe and well tolerated when used at recommended dosing levels. However, for nearly a decade, an association between GBCA administration and the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) has been recognized in patients with severe renal impairment. This has led to modifications in clinical practices aimed at reducing the potential and incidence of NSF development. Newer reports have emerged regarding the accumulation of gadolinium in various tissues of patients who do not have renal impairment, including bone, brain, and kidneys. Despite the observations of gadolinium accumulation in tissues regardless of renal function, very limited clinical data regarding the potential for and mechanisms of toxicity is available. This significant gap in knowledge warrants retrospective cohort study efforts, as well as prospective studies that involve gadolinium ion (Gd(3+)) testing in patients exposed to GBCA. This review examines the potential biochemical and molecular basis of gadolinium toxicity, possible clinical significance of gadolinium tissue retention and accumulation, and methods that can limit gadolinium body burden. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 57 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 12 | 21% |
| United Kingdom | 5 | 9% |
| Canada | 3 | 5% |
| Saudi Arabia | 2 | 4% |
| Australia | 2 | 4% |
| Mexico | 2 | 4% |
| New Zealand | 1 | 2% |
| Paraguay | 1 | 2% |
| Italy | 1 | 2% |
| Other | 0 | 0% |
| Unknown | 28 | 49% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 36 | 63% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 13 | 23% |
| Scientists | 5 | 9% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 4% |
| Unknown | 1 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 747 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Germany | 1 | <1% |
| Norway | 1 | <1% |
| Brazil | 1 | <1% |
| Sweden | 1 | <1% |
| Russia | 1 | <1% |
| Spain | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 741 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 140 | 19% |
| Student > Master | 98 | 13% |
| Student > Bachelor | 89 | 12% |
| Researcher | 65 | 9% |
| Other | 52 | 7% |
| Other | 127 | 17% |
| Unknown | 176 | 24% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 146 | 20% |
| Chemistry | 130 | 17% |
| Engineering | 48 | 6% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 43 | 6% |
| Physics and Astronomy | 26 | 3% |
| Other | 150 | 20% |
| Unknown | 204 | 27% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 120. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 23 October 2023.
All research outputs
#354,684
of 25,756,531 outputs
Outputs from BioMetals
#5
of 707 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#6,360
of 316,652 outputs
Outputs of similar age from BioMetals
#1
of 10 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,756,531 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 98th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 707 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.5. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 10 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has scored higher than all of them