Title |
Hormesis Associated with a Low Dose of Methylmercury Injected into Mallard Eggs
|
---|---|
Published in |
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, May 2011
|
DOI | 10.1007/s00244-011-9680-0 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Gary H. Heinz, David J. Hoffman, Jon D. Klimstra, Katherine R. Stebbins, Shannon L. Kondrad, Carol A. Erwin |
Abstract |
We injected mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) eggs with methylmercury chloride at doses of 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 μg mercury/g egg contents on a wet-weight basis. A case of hormesis seemed to occur because hatching success of eggs injected with 0.05 μg/g mercury (the lowest dose) was significantly greater (93.3%) than that of controls (72.6%), whereas hatching success decreased at progressively greater doses of mercury. Our finding of hormesis when a low dose of methylmercury was injected into eggs agrees with a similar observation in a study in which a group of female mallards was fed a low dietary concentration of methylmercury and hatching of their eggs was significantly better than that of controls. If methylmercury has a hormetic effect at low concentrations in avian eggs, these low concentrations may be important in a regulatory sense in that they may represent a no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 3 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 2 | 67% |
Scientists | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | 6% |
Unknown | 16 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 5 | 29% |
Researcher | 4 | 24% |
Other | 2 | 12% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 2 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 1 | 6% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 3 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 5 | 29% |
Environmental Science | 4 | 24% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 12% |
Psychology | 1 | 6% |
Unknown | 5 | 29% |