| Title |
Methylphenidate Exposure Induces Dopamine Neuron Loss and Activation of Microglia in the Basal Ganglia of Mice
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
PLOS ONE, March 2012
|
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0033693 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors | |
| Abstract |
Methylphenidate (MPH) is a psychostimulant that exerts its pharmacological effects via preferential blockade of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and the norepinephrine transporter (NET), resulting in increased monoamine levels in the synapse. Clinically, methylphenidate is prescribed for the symptomatic treatment of ADHD and narcolepsy; although lately, there has been an increased incidence of its use in individuals not meeting the criteria for these disorders. MPH has also been misused as a "cognitive enhancer" and as an alternative to other psychostimulants. Here, we investigate whether chronic or acute administration of MPH in mice at either 1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg, affects cell number and gene expression in the basal ganglia. |
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X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 14 | 22% |
| France | 3 | 5% |
| Canada | 3 | 5% |
| United Kingdom | 2 | 3% |
| Korea, Republic of | 1 | 2% |
| Serbia | 1 | 2% |
| Comoros | 1 | 2% |
| Indonesia | 1 | 2% |
| Yemen | 1 | 2% |
| Other | 3 | 5% |
| Unknown | 34 | 53% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 58 | 91% |
| Scientists | 3 | 5% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 5% |
Mendeley demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | <1% |
| Brazil | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 122 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 22 | 18% |
| Researcher | 21 | 17% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 17 | 14% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 10 | 8% |
| Student > Master | 8 | 6% |
| Other | 14 | 11% |
| Unknown | 32 | 26% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 18 | 15% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 16 | 13% |
| Psychology | 14 | 11% |
| Neuroscience | 11 | 9% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 9 | 7% |
| Other | 18 | 15% |
| Unknown | 38 | 31% |