Title |
Pivotal role for neuronal Toll-like receptors in ischemic brain injury and functional deficits
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Published in |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, August 2007
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DOI | 10.1073/pnas.0702553104 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Sung-Chun Tang, Thiruma V. Arumugam, Xiangru Xu, Aiwu Cheng, Mohamed R. Mughal, Dong Gyu Jo, Justin D. Lathia, Dominic A. Siler, Srinivasulu Chigurupati, Xin Ouyang, Tim Magnus, Simonetta Camandola, Mark P. Mattson |
Abstract |
The innate immune system senses the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and tissue injury through Toll-like receptors (TLR), a mechanism thought to be limited to immune cells. We now report that neurons express several TLRs, and that the levels of TLR2 and -4 are increased in neurons in response to IFN-gamma stimulation and energy deprivation. Neurons from both TLR2 knockout and -4 mutant mice were protected against energy deprivation-induced cell death, which was associated with decreased activation of a proapoptotic signaling cascade involving jun N-terminal kinase and the transcription factor AP-1. TLR2 and -4 expression was increased in cerebral cortical neurons in response to ischemia/reperfusion injury, and the amount of brain damage and neurological deficits caused by a stroke were significantly less in mice deficient in TLR2 or -4 compared with WT control mice. Our findings establish a proapoptotic signaling pathway for TLR2 and -4 in neurons that may render them vulnerable to ischemic death. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | 1% |
Japan | 2 | <1% |
Poland | 1 | <1% |
China | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 238 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 49 | 20% |
Researcher | 40 | 16% |
Student > Master | 38 | 16% |
Student > Bachelor | 22 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 16 | 7% |
Other | 39 | 16% |
Unknown | 41 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 62 | 25% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 40 | 16% |
Neuroscience | 39 | 16% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 25 | 10% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 7 | 3% |
Other | 19 | 8% |
Unknown | 53 | 22% |