Title |
Pancreatic cancer: associations of inflammatory potential of diet, cigarette smoking and long-standing diabetes
|
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Published in |
Carcinogenesis, February 2016
|
DOI | 10.1093/carcin/bgw022 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Samuel O. Antwi, Ann L. Oberg, Nitin Shivappa, William R. Bamlet, Kari G. Chaffee, Susan E. Steck, James R. Hébert, Gloria M. Petersen |
Abstract |
Epidemiologic studies show strong associations between pancreatic cancer (PC) and inflammatory stimuli or conditions such as cigarette smoking and diabetes, suggesting that inflammation may play a key role in PC. Studies of dietary patterns and cancer outcomes also suggest that diet might influence an individual's risk of PC by modulating inflammation. We therefore examined independent and joint associations between inflammatory potential of diet, cigarette smoking and long-standing (≥5 years) type II diabetes in relation to risk of PC. Analyses included data from 817 cases and 1,756 controls. Inflammatory potential of diet was measured using the dietary inflammatory index (DII), calculated from dietary intake assessed via a 144-item food frequency questionnaire, and adjusted for energy intake. Information on smoking and diabetes were obtained via risk factor questionnaires. Associations were examined using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression. Higher DII scores, reflecting a more pro-inflammatory diet, were associated with increased risk of PC (ORQuintile5vs1=2.54, 95%CI=1.87-3.46, Ptrend<0.0001). Excess risk of PC also was observed among former (OR=1.29, 95%CI=1.07-1.54) and current (OR=3.40, 95%CI=2.28-5.07) smokers compared to never smokers, and among participants with long-standing diabetes (OR=3.09, 95%CI=2.02-4.72) compared to non-diabetics. Joint associations were observed for the combined effects of having greater than median DII score, and being a current smoker (OR=4.79, 95%CI=3.00-7.65) or having long-standing diabetes (OR=6.03, 95%CI=3.41-10.85). These findings suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet may act as cofactor with cigarette smoking and diabetes to increase risk of PC beyond the risk of any of these factors alone. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 65 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Master | 12 | 18% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 8 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 7 | 11% |
Researcher | 5 | 8% |
Professor | 4 | 6% |
Other | 7 | 11% |
Unknown | 22 | 34% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 17 | 26% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 7 | 11% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 9% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 3% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 2 | 3% |
Other | 7 | 11% |
Unknown | 24 | 37% |