| Title |
Efficacy of pharmacotherapy in bipolar disorder: a report by the WPA section on pharmacopsychiatry
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, May 2012
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00406-012-0323-x |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, Siegfried Kasper, Ole Andreassen, Pierre Blier, Ahmed Okasha, Emanuel Severus, Marcio Versiani, Rajiv Tandon, Hans-Jürgen Möller, Eduard Vieta |
| Abstract |
The current statement is a systematic review of the available data concerning the efficacy of medication treatment of bipolar disorder (BP). A systematic MEDLINE search was made concerning the treatment of BP (RCTs) with the names of treatment options as keywords. The search was updated on 10 March 2012. The literature suggests that lithium, first and second generation antipsychotics and valproate and carbamazepine are efficacious in the treatment of acute mania. Quetiapine and the olanzapine-fluoxetine combination are also efficacious for treating bipolar depression. Antidepressants should only be used in combination with an antimanic agent, because they can induce switching to mania/hypomania/mixed states/rapid cycling when utilized as monotherapy. Lithium, olanzapine, quetiapine and aripiprazole are efficacious during the maintenance phase. Lamotrigine is efficacious in the prevention of depression, and it remains to be clarified whether it is also efficacious for mania. There is some evidence on the efficacy of psychosocial interventions as an adjunctive treatment to medication. Electroconvulsive therapy is an option for refractory patients. In acute manic patients who are partial responders to lithium/valproate/carbamazepine, adding an antipsychotic is a reasonable choice. The combination with best data in acute bipolar depression is lithium plus lamotrigine. Patients stabilized on combination treatment might do worse if shifted to monotherapy during maintenance, and patients could benefit with add-on treatment with olanzapine, valproate, an antidepressant, or lamotrigine, depending on the index acute phase. A variety of treatment options for BP are available today, but still unmet needs are huge. Combination therapy may improve the treatment outcome but it also carries more side-effect burden. Further research is necessary as well as the development of better guidelines and algorithms for the step-by-step rational treatment. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 4 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Egypt | 1 | 25% |
| Unknown | 3 | 75% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 50% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 200 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 3 | 2% |
| United States | 1 | <1% |
| Canada | 1 | <1% |
| Germany | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 194 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 36 | 18% |
| Researcher | 29 | 14% |
| Student > Master | 19 | 10% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 16 | 8% |
| Other | 14 | 7% |
| Other | 43 | 22% |
| Unknown | 43 | 22% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 73 | 37% |
| Psychology | 30 | 15% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 14 | 7% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 6 | 3% |
| Neuroscience | 5 | 3% |
| Other | 23 | 12% |
| Unknown | 49 | 25% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 37. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 27 June 2022.
All research outputs
#980,477
of 23,815,455 outputs
Outputs from European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
#49
of 1,243 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#5,348
of 166,221 outputs
Outputs of similar age from European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
#1
of 15 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,815,455 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 95th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 1,243 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 8.8. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 15 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 93% of its contemporaries.