Title |
Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Movement Disorders
|
---|---|
Published in |
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, June 2012
|
DOI | 10.1007/s11910-012-0286-3 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Mary Ann Thenganatt, Stanley Fahn |
Abstract |
After botulinum toxin was initially used to treat strabismus in the 1970s, others started using it to treat movement disorders including blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, cervical dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia, and oromandibular dystonia. It was discovered that botulinum toxin can be an effective treatment for focal movement disorders with limited side effects. Over the past three decades, various formulations of botulinum toxin have been developed and the therapeutic use of these toxins has expanded in movement disorders and beyond. We review the history and mechanism of action of botulinum toxin, as well as describe different formulations available and their potential therapeutic uses in movement disorders. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Netherlands | 1 | 2% |
United States | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 54 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Researcher | 8 | 14% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 7 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 6 | 11% |
Student > Master | 6 | 11% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 5 | 9% |
Other | 13 | 23% |
Unknown | 11 | 20% |
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Medicine and Dentistry | 28 | 50% |
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Neuroscience | 3 | 5% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 4% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 4% |
Other | 4 | 7% |
Unknown | 14 | 25% |