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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Normalized Diurnal and Between-Day Trends in Illicit and Legal Drug Loads that Account for Changes in Population
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Environmental Science & Technology, July 2012
|
| DOI | 10.1021/es202447r |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Alex J. Brewer, Christoph Ort, Caleb J. Banta-Green, Jean-Daniel Berset, Jennifer A. Field |
| Abstract |
Drug concentrations in composite municipal wastewater samples and census-based estimates of population are used to derive daily loads of illicit substances that are indexed to population. However, such estimates do not provide information on the diurnal trends of substance excretion nor can they account for changes in population. To address these limitations, a series of 1 h composites created by sampling wastewater influent at 6 min intervals was collected over four consecutive days at a single wastewater treatment plant. Creatinine (a urinary indicator), caffeine, methamphetamine, benzoylecgonine (BZE), and cocaine were analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Diurnal trends and between-day trends were substance specific and related to the number of estimated doses and excretory half-life. Normalization to creatinine yielded trends in substances that differed significantly from non-normalized trends by accounting for changes in population within the municipality studied. Increases in normalized substance excretion observed during early morning hours originate from individuals among the resident population of the municipality due to the absence of commuters. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 4 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 2 | 50% |
| Korea, Republic of | 1 | 25% |
| United States | 1 | 25% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 3 | 75% |
| Scientists | 1 | 25% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 45 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 2% |
| Switzerland | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 43 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 10 | 22% |
| Student > Master | 6 | 13% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 5 | 11% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 4 | 9% |
| Professor | 4 | 9% |
| Other | 4 | 9% |
| Unknown | 12 | 27% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | 8 | 18% |
| Environmental Science | 7 | 16% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 4 | 9% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 4% |
| Engineering | 2 | 4% |
| Other | 7 | 16% |
| Unknown | 15 | 33% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 23 July 2012.
All research outputs
#14,536,995
of 25,377,790 outputs
Outputs from Environmental Science & Technology
#14,855
of 20,675 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#91,829
of 163,838 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Environmental Science & Technology
#126
of 236 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,377,790 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 42nd percentile – i.e., 42% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 20,675 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 17.8. This one is in the 27th percentile – i.e., 27% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 163,838 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 43rd percentile – i.e., 43% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 236 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 46th percentile – i.e., 46% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.