Title |
The gut microbiome in human immunodeficiency virus infection
|
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Published in |
BMC Medicine, June 2016
|
DOI | 10.1186/s12916-016-0625-3 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Gili Zilberman-Schapira, Niv Zmora, Shlomik Itav, Stavros Bashiardes, Hila Elinav, Eran Elinav |
Abstract |
HIV/AIDS causes severe dysfunction of the immune system through CD4+ T cell depletion, leading to dysregulation of both the adaptive and innate immune arms. A primary target for viral infection is the gastrointestinal tract, which is a reservoir of CD4+ T cells. In addition to being a major immune hub, the human gastrointestinal tract harbors trillions of commensal microorganisms, the microbiota, which have recently been shown to play critical roles in health. Alterations in the composition and function of microbiota have been implicated in a variety of 'multi-factorial' disorders, including infectious, autoimmune, metabolic, and neoplastic disorders. It is widely accepted that, in addition to its direct role in altering the gastrointestinal CD4+ T cell compartment, HIV infection is characterized by gut microbiota compositional and functional changes. Herein, we review such alterations and discuss their potential local and systemic effects on the HIV-positive host, as well as potential roles of novel microbiota-targeting treatments in modulating HIV progression and associated adverse systemic manifestations. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 4 | 33% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 8% |
Greece | 1 | 8% |
Unknown | 6 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 5 | 42% |
Scientists | 4 | 33% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 17% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 8% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | <1% |
Thailand | 1 | <1% |
South Africa | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 201 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 28 | 14% |
Student > Master | 28 | 14% |
Researcher | 25 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 23 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 14 | 7% |
Other | 39 | 19% |
Unknown | 47 | 23% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 35 | 17% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 35 | 17% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 30 | 15% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 29 | 14% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 9 | 4% |
Other | 12 | 6% |
Unknown | 54 | 26% |