Title |
Characterization of West Nile Viruses Isolated from Captive American Flamingoes (Phoenicopterus ruber) in Medellin, Colombia
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Published in |
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, July 2012
|
DOI | 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0655 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Jorge E. Osorio, Karl A. Ciuoderis, Juan G. Lopera, Leidy D. Piedrahita, Darby Murphy, James LeVasseur, Lina Carrillo, Martha C. Ocampo, Erik Hofmeister |
Abstract |
Serum samples from a total of 71 healthy captive birds belonging to 18 species were collected in July of 2008 in Medellin (Colombia) and tested for flaviviruses. Eighteen of 29 samples from American Flamingoes (Phoenicopterus ruber) were positive for West Nile virus (WNV) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Selected positive samples were serially passaged and WNV was confirmed by immunofluorescence. Two isolates (524/08, 9835/08) were characterized in vitro and in vivo. Sequence analysis revealed WNV with 16 nucleotide substitutions resulting in six amino acid changes when compared with the NY99 strain. Colombian (COL) viruses were more closely related to Louisiana isolates from 2001. When compared with attenuated strains isolated from Texas, COL isolates differed in their plaque size and temperature sensitivity phenotype. The COL viruses were pathogenic in embryonated chicken eggs and Balb/c mice. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 1 | 50% |
Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 40 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Doctoral Student | 7 | 18% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 6 | 15% |
Researcher | 6 | 15% |
Student > Master | 5 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 4 | 10% |
Other | 6 | 15% |
Unknown | 6 | 15% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 11 | 28% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 6 | 15% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 6 | 15% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 4 | 10% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 5% |
Other | 4 | 10% |
Unknown | 7 | 18% |