| Title |
Bone metabolism in anorexia nervosa: molecular pathways and current treatment modalities
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Osteoporosis International, August 2012
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00198-012-2095-6 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
D. J. Howgate, S. M. Graham, A. Leonidou, N. Korres, E. Tsiridis, E. Tsapakis |
| Abstract |
Eating disorders are associated with a multitude of metabolic abnormalities which are known to adversely affect bone metabolism and structure. We aimed to comprehensively review the literature on the effects of eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa (AN), on bone metabolism, bone mineral density (BMD), and fracture incidence. Furthermore, we aimed to highlight the risk factors and potential management strategies for patients with eating disorders and low BMD. We searched the MEDLINE/OVID (1950-July 2011) and EMBASE (1980-July 2011) databases, focussing on in vitro and in vivo studies of the effects of eating disorders on bone metabolism, bone mineral density, and fracture incidence. Low levels of estrogen, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and leptin, and high levels of cortisol, ghrelin, and peptide YY (PYY) are thought to contribute to the 'uncoupling' of bone turnover in patients with active AN, leading to increased bone resorption in comparison to bone formation. Over time, this results in a high prevalence and profound degree of site-specific BMD loss in women with AN, thereby increasing fracture risk. Weight recovery and increasing BMI positively correlate with levels of IGF-1 and leptin, normalisation in the levels of cortisol, as well as markers of bone formation and resorption in both adolescent and adult patients with AN. The only treatments which have shown promise in reversing the BMD loss associated with AN include: physiologic dose transdermal and oral estrogen, recombinant human IGF-1 alone or in combination with the oral contraceptive pill, and bisphosphonate therapy. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 3 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | 1 | 33% |
| Unknown | 2 | 67% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Scientists | 1 | 33% |
| Members of the public | 1 | 33% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 84 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 83 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 14 | 17% |
| Student > Bachelor | 13 | 15% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 9 | 11% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 7 | 8% |
| Researcher | 6 | 7% |
| Other | 21 | 25% |
| Unknown | 14 | 17% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 32 | 38% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 7% |
| Psychology | 6 | 7% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 5 | 6% |
| Sports and Recreations | 5 | 6% |
| Other | 14 | 17% |
| Unknown | 16 | 19% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 04 February 2013.
All research outputs
#14,730,916
of 22,673,450 outputs
Outputs from Osteoporosis International
#2,205
of 3,596 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#102,886
of 166,798 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Osteoporosis International
#22
of 40 outputs
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