| Title |
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) and S1P Signaling Pathway: Therapeutic Targets in Autoimmunity and Inflammation
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Drugs, June 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s40265-016-0603-2 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Hsing-Chuan Tsai, May H. Han |
| Abstract |
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptors (S1PR) are ubiquitously expressed. S1P-S1PR signaling has been well characterized in immune trafficking and activation in innate and adaptive immune systems. However, the full extent of its involvement in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is not well understood. FTY720 (fingolimod), a non-selective S1PR modulator, significantly decreased annualized relapse rates in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). FTY720, which primarily targets S1P receptor 1 as a functional antagonist, arrests lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphoid tissues and reduces neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies suggest that FTY720 also decreases astrogliosis and promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation within the CNS and may have therapeutic benefit to prevent brain atrophy. Since S1P signaling is involved in multiple immune functions, therapies targeting S1P axis may be applicable to treat autoimmune diseases other than MS. Currently, over a dozen selective S1PR and S1P pathway modulators with potentially superior therapeutic efficacy and better side-effect profiles are in the pipeline of drug development. Furthermore, newly characterized molecules such as apolipoprotein M (ApoM) (S1P chaperon) and SPNS2 (S1P transporter) are also potential targets for treatment of autoimmune diseases. Finally, the application of therapies targeting S1P and S1P signaling pathways may be expanded to treat several other immune-mediated disorders (such as post-infectious diseases, post-stroke and post-stroke dementia) and inflammatory conditions beyond their application in primary autoimmune diseases. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 3 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 33% |
| Unknown | 2 | 67% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 67% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 145 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Portugal | 1 | <1% |
| Kazakhstan | 1 | <1% |
| Argentina | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 142 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 33 | 23% |
| Student > Master | 17 | 12% |
| Student > Bachelor | 13 | 9% |
| Researcher | 10 | 7% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 7 | 5% |
| Other | 20 | 14% |
| Unknown | 45 | 31% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 21 | 14% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 18 | 12% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 16 | 11% |
| Neuroscience | 11 | 8% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 8 | 6% |
| Other | 19 | 13% |
| Unknown | 52 | 36% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 20 June 2016.
All research outputs
#15,377,977
of 22,877,793 outputs
Outputs from Drugs
#2,798
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Outputs of similar age
#223,700
of 353,574 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Drugs
#21
of 30 outputs
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