| Title |
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of smokeless gunpowders and macroscopic gunshot residues
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry, April 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00216-016-9591-z |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
María López-López, Virginia Merk, Carmen García-Ruiz, Janina Kneipp |
| Abstract |
Gunshot residues (GSR) result from the discharge of a firearm being a potential piece of evidence in criminal investigations. The macroscopic GSR particles are basically formed by burned and non-burned gunpowder. Motivated by the demand of trace analysis of these samples, in this paper, the use of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was evaluated for the analysis of gunpowders and macroscopic GSR particles. Twenty-one different smokeless gunpowders were extracted with ethanol. SERS spectra were obtained from the diluted extracts using gold nanoaggregates and an excitation wavelength of 633 nm. They show mainly bands that could be assigned to the stabilizers diphenylamine and ethylcentralite present in the gunpowders. Then, macroscopic GSR particles obtained after firing two different ammunition cartridges on clothing were also measured using the same procedure. SERS allowed the detection of the particles collected with an aluminum stub from cloth targets without interferences from the adhesive carbon. The results demonstrate the great potential of SERS for the analysis of macroscopic GSR particles. Furthermore, they indicate that the grain-to-grain inhomogeneity of the gunpowders needs to be considered. Graphical Abstract SERS allows the detection of GSR particles collected with adhesive stubs from cloth targets using gold nanoaggregates and an excitation wavelength of 633 nm. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 50% |
| Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Scientists | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 56 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 56 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 12 | 21% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 7 | 13% |
| Researcher | 6 | 11% |
| Student > Master | 6 | 11% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 3 | 5% |
| Other | 9 | 16% |
| Unknown | 13 | 23% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | 24 | 43% |
| Engineering | 4 | 7% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 3 | 5% |
| Physics and Astronomy | 2 | 4% |
| Psychology | 1 | 2% |
| Other | 6 | 11% |
| Unknown | 16 | 29% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 01 July 2016.
All research outputs
#16,722,190
of 25,374,917 outputs
Outputs from Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry
#5,259
of 9,619 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#181,754
of 312,186 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry
#58
of 134 outputs
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So far Altmetric has tracked 9,619 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 3.1. This one is in the 41st percentile – i.e., 41% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 134 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 53% of its contemporaries.