| Title |
(-)-Epicatechin-induced calcium independent eNOS activation: roles of HSP90 and AKT
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, August 2012
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s11010-012-1405-9 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Israel Ramirez-Sanchez, Hugo Aguilar, Guillermo Ceballos, Francisco Villarreal |
| Abstract |
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading determinant of mortality and morbidity in the world. Epidemiologic studies suggest that flavonoid intake plays a role in the prevention of CVD. Consumption of cocoa products rich in flavonoids lowers blood pressure and improves endothelial function in healthy subjects as well as in subjects with vascular dysfunction such as smokers and diabetics. The vascular actions of cocoa follow the stimulation of nitric oxide (NO). These actions can be reproduced by the administration of the cocoa flavanol (-)-epicatechin (EPI). Previously, using human endothelial cells cultured in calcium-free media, we documented EPI effects on eNOS independently of its translocation from the plasmalemma. To further define the mechanisms behind EPI-eNOS activation in Ca(2+) -deprived endothelial cells, we evaluated the effects of EPI on the eNOS/AKT/HSP90 signaling pathway. Results document an EPI-induced phosphorylation/activation of eNOS, AKT, and HSP90. We also demonstrate that EPI induces a partial AKT/HSP90 migration from the cytoplasm to the caveolar membrane fraction. Immunoprecipitation assays of caveolar fractions demonstrate a physical association between HSP90, AKT, and eNOS. Thus, under Ca(2+)-free conditions, EPI stimulates NO synthesis via the formation of an active complex between eNOS, AKT, and HSP90. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 33 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 3% |
| Unknown | 32 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 7 | 21% |
| Student > Master | 4 | 12% |
| Student > Bachelor | 3 | 9% |
| Professor | 3 | 9% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 2 | 6% |
| Other | 8 | 24% |
| Unknown | 6 | 18% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 6 | 18% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 18% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 5 | 15% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 4 | 12% |
| Sports and Recreations | 3 | 9% |
| Other | 3 | 9% |
| Unknown | 6 | 18% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 31 August 2012.
All research outputs
#20,165,369
of 22,675,759 outputs
Outputs from Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
#1,792
of 2,290 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#147,601
of 164,735 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
#19
of 26 outputs
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