| Title |
Botulinum Toxins for Facial Lines: A Concise Review
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Dermatology and Therapy, September 2012
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s13555-012-0014-6 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Nicholas J. Lowe, Philippa Lowe |
| Abstract |
This is a concise review of the uses of botulinum toxins (BTXs) in dermatology and cosmetic procedures. It is a clinical rather than a basic science, pharmacological review. BTX had been initially used for selectively reducing and balancing periorbital muscle activity; thereby, reducing childhood strabismus and blepharospasm. This clinical research was initiated by Dr. Alan Scott over 40 years ago. BTX type A (BTX-A) was serendipitously observed to reduce forehead frown lines in patients being treated for blepharospasm. Extensive clinical research and development resulted in widespread aesthetic uses for BTX-A by reduction of selected hyperfunctional facial muscles. BTXs are also used for reduced localized hyperhidrosis. A topical BTX-A is being developed as a potential alternative to injected BTX. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 50% |
| Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 25 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Spain | 1 | 4% |
| Unknown | 24 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 7 | 28% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 6 | 24% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 3 | 12% |
| Researcher | 2 | 8% |
| Lecturer | 1 | 4% |
| Other | 4 | 16% |
| Unknown | 2 | 8% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 19 | 76% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 1 | 4% |
| Arts and Humanities | 1 | 4% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 4% |
| Engineering | 1 | 4% |
| Other | 0 | 0% |
| Unknown | 2 | 8% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 04 December 2012.
All research outputs
#15,251,976
of 22,679,690 outputs
Outputs from Dermatology and Therapy
#413
of 790 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#108,126
of 172,058 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Dermatology and Therapy
#4
of 5 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,679,690 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 22nd percentile – i.e., 22% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 790 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 8.9. This one is in the 41st percentile – i.e., 41% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 172,058 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 27th percentile – i.e., 27% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 5 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one.