| Title |
Single domain antibodies: promising experimental and therapeutic tools in infection and immunity
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Medical Microbiology and Immunology, June 2009
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00430-009-0116-7 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Janusz Wesolowski, Vanina Alzogaray, Jan Reyelt, Mandy Unger, Karla Juarez, Mariela Urrutia, Ana Cauerhff, Welbeck Danquah, Björn Rissiek, Felix Scheuplein, Nicole Schwarz, Sahil Adriouch, Olivier Boyer, Michel Seman, Alexei Licea, David V. Serreze, Fernando A. Goldbaum, Friedrich Haag, Friedrich Koch-Nolte |
| Abstract |
Antibodies are important tools for experimental research and medical applications. Most antibodies are composed of two heavy and two light chains. Both chains contribute to the antigen-binding site which is usually flat or concave. In addition to these conventional antibodies, llamas, other camelids, and sharks also produce antibodies composed only of heavy chains. The antigen-binding site of these unusual heavy chain antibodies (hcAbs) is formed only by a single domain, designated VHH in camelid hcAbs and VNAR in shark hcAbs. VHH and VNAR are easily produced as recombinant proteins, designated single domain antibodies (sdAbs) or nanobodies. The CDR3 region of these sdAbs possesses the extraordinary capacity to form long fingerlike extensions that can extend into cavities on antigens, e.g., the active site crevice of enzymes. Other advantageous features of nanobodies include their small size, high solubility, thermal stability, refolding capacity, and good tissue penetration in vivo. Here we review the results of several recent proof-of-principle studies that open the exciting perspective of using sdAbs for modulating immune functions and for targeting toxins and microbes. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 777 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 5 | <1% |
| Belgium | 5 | <1% |
| United Kingdom | 5 | <1% |
| Germany | 3 | <1% |
| Mexico | 3 | <1% |
| Spain | 2 | <1% |
| Sweden | 1 | <1% |
| Brazil | 1 | <1% |
| South Africa | 1 | <1% |
| Other | 10 | 1% |
| Unknown | 741 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 157 | 20% |
| Student > Master | 155 | 20% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 150 | 19% |
| Student > Bachelor | 84 | 11% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 31 | 4% |
| Other | 91 | 12% |
| Unknown | 109 | 14% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 271 | 35% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 166 | 21% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 48 | 6% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 40 | 5% |
| Chemistry | 38 | 5% |
| Other | 82 | 11% |
| Unknown | 132 | 17% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 27. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 16 April 2024.
All research outputs
#1,275,808
of 23,815,455 outputs
Outputs from Medical Microbiology and Immunology
#15
of 627 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#3,278
of 100,826 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Medical Microbiology and Immunology
#1
of 4 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,815,455 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 94th percentile: it's in the top 10% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 627 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.6. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 97% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 100,826 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 96% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 4 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has scored higher than all of them