Title |
Paleovirology—ghosts and gifts of viruses past
|
---|---|
Published in |
Current Opinion in Virology, October 2011
|
DOI | 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.06.007 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Maulik R Patel, Michael Emerman, Harmit S Malik |
Abstract |
The emerging field of paleovirology aims to study the evolutionary age and impact of ancient viruses (paleoviruses) on host biology. Despite a historical emphasis on retroviruses, paleoviral 'fossils' have recently been uncovered from a broad swathe of viruses. These viral imprints have upended long-held notions of the age and mutation rate of viruses. While 'direct' paleovirology relies on the insertion of viral genes in animal genomes, examination of adaptive changes in host genes that occurred in response to paleoviral infections provides a complementary strategy for making 'indirect' paleovirological inferences. Finally, viruses have also impacted host biology by providing genes hosts have domesticated for their own purpose. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | 30% |
Chile | 1 | 10% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 10% |
Unknown | 5 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Scientists | 5 | 50% |
Members of the public | 4 | 40% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 10% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 3 | 2% |
Germany | 2 | 1% |
Brazil | 2 | 1% |
United States | 2 | 1% |
Mexico | 1 | <1% |
Portugal | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 139 | 93% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 33 | 22% |
Researcher | 26 | 17% |
Student > Bachelor | 21 | 14% |
Student > Master | 17 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 8 | 5% |
Other | 22 | 15% |
Unknown | 23 | 15% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 64 | 43% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 27 | 18% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 11 | 7% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 6 | 4% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 4 | 3% |
Other | 10 | 7% |
Unknown | 28 | 19% |