Title |
Evidence on the impact of sustained exposure to air pollution on life expectancy from China’s Huai River policy
|
---|---|
Published in |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, July 2013
|
DOI | 10.1073/pnas.1300018110 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Yuyu Chen, Avraham Ebenstein, Michael Greenstone, Hongbin Li |
Abstract |
This paper's findings suggest that an arbitrary Chinese policy that greatly increases total suspended particulates (TSPs) air pollution is causing the 500 million residents of Northern China to lose more than 2.5 billion life years of life expectancy. The quasi-experimental empirical approach is based on China's Huai River policy, which provided free winter heating via the provision of coal for boilers in cities north of the Huai River but denied heat to the south. Using a regression discontinuity design based on distance from the Huai River, we find that ambient concentrations of TSPs are about 184 μg/m(3) [95% confidence interval (CI): 61, 307] or 55% higher in the north. Further, the results indicate that life expectancies are about 5.5 y (95% CI: 0.8, 10.2) lower in the north owing to an increased incidence of cardiorespiratory mortality. More generally, the analysis suggests that long-term exposure to an additional 100 μg/m(3) of TSPs is associated with a reduction in life expectancy at birth of about 3.0 y (95% CI: 0.4, 5.6). |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 38 | 22% |
United Kingdom | 11 | 6% |
India | 9 | 5% |
Canada | 6 | 3% |
China | 6 | 3% |
Mongolia | 5 | 3% |
Australia | 4 | 2% |
South Africa | 3 | 2% |
Netherlands | 2 | 1% |
Other | 21 | 12% |
Unknown | 69 | 40% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 132 | 76% |
Scientists | 28 | 16% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 11 | 6% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 16 | 2% |
China | 8 | <1% |
Netherlands | 2 | <1% |
South Africa | 2 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 2 | <1% |
Austria | 1 | <1% |
India | 1 | <1% |
Italy | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Other | 2 | <1% |
Unknown | 911 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 227 | 24% |
Student > Master | 117 | 12% |
Researcher | 95 | 10% |
Student > Bachelor | 56 | 6% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 50 | 5% |
Other | 166 | 18% |
Unknown | 236 | 25% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Economics, Econometrics and Finance | 188 | 20% |
Environmental Science | 112 | 12% |
Social Sciences | 78 | 8% |
Engineering | 45 | 5% |
Earth and Planetary Sciences | 39 | 4% |
Other | 200 | 21% |
Unknown | 285 | 30% |