Comparison of free amino acids, antioxidants, soluble phenolic acids, cytotoxicity and immunomodulation of fermented mung bean and soybean

Norlaily Mohd Ali, Swee-Keong Yeap, Hamidah Mohd Yusof, Boon-Kee Beh, Wan-Yong Ho, Soo-Peng Koh, Mohd Puad Abdullah, Noorjahan Banu Alitheen, Kamariah Long

Mung bean and soybean have been individually reported previously to have antioxidants, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects while fermentation is a well-known process to enhance the bioactive compounds that contribute to higher antioxidants, cytotoxic and immunomodulation effects. In this study, the free amino acids profile, soluble phenolic acids content, antioxidants, cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects of fermented and non-fermented mung bean and soybean were compared. Fermented mung bean was recorded to have the highest level of free amino acids, soluble phenolic acids (especially protocatechuic acid) and antioxidant activities among all the tested products. Both fermented mung bean and soybean possessed cytotoxicity activities against breast cancer MCF-7 cell by arresting the G0 /G1 phase followed by apoptosis. Moreover, fermented mung bean and soybean also induced splenocyte proliferation and enhanced the levels of serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Augmented amounts of free amino acids and phenolic acids content after fermentation enhanced the antioxidants, cytotoxicity and immunomodulation effects of mung bean and soybean. More specifically, fermented mung bean showed the best effects among all the tested products. This study revealed the potential of fermented mung bean and soybean as functional foods for maintenance of good health.