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Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Ultrasonic emulsification of parenteral valproic acid-loaded nanoemulsion with response surface methodology and evaluation of its stability
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, September 2015
|
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.09.015 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Suk Fei Tan, Hamid Reza Fard Masoumi, Roghayeh Abedi Karjiban, Johnson Stanslas, Brian P. Kirby, Mahiran Basri, Hamidon Bin Basri |
| Abstract |
Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the formulation of a nanoemulsion for central delivery following parenteral administration. A mixture of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) and safflower seed oil (SSO) was determined as a sole phase from the emulsification properties. Similarly, a natural surfactant (lecithin) and non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80) (ratio 1:2) were used in the formulation. A central composite design (CCD) with three-factor at five-levels was used to optimize the processing method of high energy ultrasonicator. Effects of pre-sonication ultrasonic intensity (A), sonication time (B), and temperature (C) were studied on the preparation of nanoemulsion loaded with valproic acid. Influence of the aforementioned specifically the effects of the ultrasonic processing parameters on droplet size and polydispersity index were investigated. From the analysis, it was found that the interaction between ultrasonic intensity and sonication time was the most influential factor on the droplet size of nanoemulsion formulated. Ultrasonic intensity (A) significantly affects the polydispersity index value. With this optimization method, a favorable droplet size of a nanoemulsion with reasonable polydispersity index was able to be formulated within a short sonication time. A valproic acid loaded nanoemulsion can be obtained with 60% power intensity for 15min at 60°C. Droplet size of 43.21±0.11nm with polydispersity index of 0.211 were produced. The drug content was then increased to 1.5%. Stability study of nanoemulsion containing 1.5% of valproic acid had a good stability as there are no significant changes in physicochemical aspects such as droplet size and polydispersity index. With the characteristisation study of pH, viscosity, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and stability assessment study the formulated nanoemulsion has the potential to penetrate blood-brain barrier in the treatment of epilepsy. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profile of 1 X user who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 135 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Malaysia | 2 | 1% |
| Indonesia | 1 | <1% |
| India | 1 | <1% |
| Peru | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 130 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 19 | 14% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 19 | 14% |
| Researcher | 13 | 10% |
| Student > Bachelor | 13 | 10% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 8 | 6% |
| Other | 23 | 17% |
| Unknown | 40 | 30% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 16 | 12% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 15 | 11% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 14 | 10% |
| Chemistry | 13 | 10% |
| Chemical Engineering | 8 | 6% |
| Other | 23 | 17% |
| Unknown | 46 | 34% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 21 November 2015.
All research outputs
#20,656,161
of 25,373,627 outputs
Outputs from Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
#903
of 1,394 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#210,121
of 286,825 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
#12
of 21 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,373,627 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 10th percentile – i.e., 10% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 1,394 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 2.7. This one is in the 16th percentile – i.e., 16% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 286,825 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 14th percentile – i.e., 14% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 21 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 9th percentile – i.e., 9% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.