| Title |
Copper containing, framed intra‐uterine devices for contraception
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Cochrane database of systematic reviews, October 2007
|
| DOI | 10.1002/14651858.cd005347.pub3 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Regina Kulier, Paul O'Brien, Frans M Helmerhorst, Margaret Usher‐Patel, Catherine d'Arcangues |
| Abstract |
Intrauterine devices (IUD) are safe and effective methods of long term reversible contraception. The design, and copper content as well as placement of the copper on IUDs could affect their effectiveness and side-effect profile. We compared different copper IUDs for their effectiveness and side effects. Multiple electronic databases were searched with appropriate key words and names of the IUDs known to be in the market. We searched the reference lists of papers identified and contacted trialists when possible. There was no language restriction. Randomised controlled trials comparing different IUDs were considered. Trials needed to report on clinical outcomes. Data on outcomes and trial characteristics were extracted in duplicate and independently by two reviewers. Meta-analysis results are expressed as rate difference (RD) using a fixed-effects model with 95% confidence interval (CI). In the presence of significant heterogeneity a random-effects model was applied. We included 35 trials, resulting in 18 comparisons of 10 different IUDs in approximately 48,000 women. TCu380A was more effective in preventing pregnancy than MLCu375 (RD 1.70%, 95% CI 0.07% to 2.95% after 4 years of use). TCu380A was also more effective than MLCu250, TCu220 and TCu200. There tended to be fewer pregnancies with TCu380S compared to TCu380A after the first year of use, a difference which was statistically significant in the fourth year (RD -1.62%, 95% CI -3.00% to -0.24%). This occurred despite more expulsions with TCu380S (RD 3.50%, 95% CI 0.36% to 6.63% at 4 years). MLCu375 was no more effective than TCu220 at 1 year of use, or MLCu250 and NovaT up to 3 years. Compared to TCu380A or TCu380S, none of the IUDs showed any benefits in terms of bleeding or pain, or any of the other reasons for early discontinuation. None of the trials that reported events at insertion found one IUD easier to insert than another or caused less pain at insertion. There is no evidence that uterine perforation rates vary by type of device. There are minimal randomised data on IUD use in nulliparous women. TCu380A or TCu380S appear to be more effective than other IUDs. No IUD showed consistently lower removal rates for bleeding and pain in comparison to other IUDs. There is no evidence that any particular framed copper device is better suited to women who have not had children. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 171 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Singapore | 1 | <1% |
| Tanzania, United Republic of | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 169 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 20 | 12% |
| Student > Master | 20 | 12% |
| Student > Bachelor | 20 | 12% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 17 | 10% |
| Unspecified | 14 | 8% |
| Other | 40 | 23% |
| Unknown | 40 | 23% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 64 | 37% |
| Unspecified | 14 | 8% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 12 | 7% |
| Social Sciences | 10 | 6% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 4% |
| Other | 22 | 13% |
| Unknown | 43 | 25% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 7. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 28 January 2024.
All research outputs
#5,264,158
of 25,457,858 outputs
Outputs from Cochrane database of systematic reviews
#7,177
of 11,842 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#15,612
of 88,459 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Cochrane database of systematic reviews
#38
of 80 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,457,858 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 79th percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 11,842 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 38.9. This one is in the 36th percentile – i.e., 36% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 88,459 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done well, scoring higher than 82% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 80 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 52% of its contemporaries.