| Title |
Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of Zika virus into the United States
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Nature, May 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1038/nature22400 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Nathan D. Grubaugh, Jason T. Ladner, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Gytis Dudas, Amanda L. Tan, Karthik Gangavarapu, Michael R. Wiley, Stephen White, Julien Thézé, Diogo M. Magnani, Karla Prieto, Daniel Reyes, Andrea M. Bingham, Lauren M. Paul, Refugio Robles-Sikisaka, Glenn Oliveira, Darryl Pronty, Carolyn M. Barcellona, Hayden C. Metsky, Mary Lynn Baniecki, Kayla G. Barnes, Bridget Chak, Catherine A. Freije, Adrianne Gladden-Young, Andreas Gnirke, Cynthia Luo, Bronwyn MacInnis, Christian B. Matranga, Daniel J. Park, James Qu, Stephen F. Schaffner, Christopher Tomkins-Tinch, Kendra L. West, Sarah M. Winnicki, Shirlee Wohl, Nathan L. Yozwiak, Joshua Quick, Joseph R. Fauver, Kamran Khan, Shannon E. Brent, Robert C. Reiner, Paola N. Lichtenberger, Michael J. Ricciardi, Varian K. Bailey, David I. Watkins, Marshall R. Cone, Edgar W. Kopp, Kelly N. Hogan, Andrew C. Cannons, Reynald Jean, Andrew J. Monaghan, Robert F. Garry, Nicholas J. Loman, Nuno R. Faria, Mario C. Porcelli, Chalmers Vasquez, Elyse R. Nagle, Derek A. T. Cummings, Danielle Stanek, Andrew Rambaut, Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart, Pardis C. Sabeti, Leah D. Gillis, Scott F. Michael, Trevor Bedford, Oliver G. Pybus, Sharon Isern, Gustavo Palacios, Kristian G. Andersen |
| Abstract |
Zika virus (ZIKV) is causing an unprecedented epidemic linked to severe congenital abnormalities. In July 2016, mosquito-borne ZIKV transmission was reported in the continental United States; since then, hundreds of locally acquired infections have been reported in Florida. To gain insights into the timing, source, and likely route(s) of ZIKV introduction, we tracked the virus from its first detection in Florida by sequencing ZIKV genomes from infected patients and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. We show that at least 4 introductions, but potentially as many as 40, contributed to the outbreak in Florida and that local transmission is likely to have started in the spring of 2016-several months before its initial detection. By analysing surveillance and genetic data, we show that ZIKV moved among transmission zones in Miami. Our analyses show that most introductions were linked to the Caribbean, a finding corroborated by the high incidence rates and traffic volumes from the region into the Miami area. Our study provides an understanding of how ZIKV initiates transmission in new regions. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 302 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 112 | 37% |
| United Kingdom | 19 | 6% |
| France | 8 | 3% |
| Australia | 6 | 2% |
| India | 5 | 2% |
| Canada | 4 | 1% |
| Mexico | 3 | <1% |
| Switzerland | 3 | <1% |
| Brazil | 3 | <1% |
| Other | 32 | 11% |
| Unknown | 107 | 35% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 183 | 61% |
| Scientists | 88 | 29% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 18 | 6% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 13 | 4% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 433 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
| Spain | 1 | <1% |
| United States | 1 | <1% |
| Portugal | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 429 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 85 | 20% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 77 | 18% |
| Student > Master | 50 | 12% |
| Student > Bachelor | 48 | 11% |
| Professor | 25 | 6% |
| Other | 80 | 18% |
| Unknown | 68 | 16% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 91 | 21% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 73 | 17% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 38 | 9% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 37 | 9% |
| Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 14 | 3% |
| Other | 88 | 20% |
| Unknown | 92 | 21% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 910. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 28 November 2023.
All research outputs
#19,196
of 25,706,302 outputs
Outputs from Nature
#1,897
of 98,561 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#314
of 328,049 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Nature
#23
of 814 outputs
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