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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Volatile Metabolites of Pathogens: A Systematic Review
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
PLoS Pathogens, May 2013
|
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003311 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Lieuwe D. J. Bos, Peter J. Sterk, Marcus J. Schultz |
| Abstract |
Ideally, invading bacteria are detected as early as possible in critically ill patients: the strain of morbific pathogens is identified rapidly, and antimicrobial sensitivity is known well before the start of new antimicrobial therapy. Bacteria have a distinct metabolism, part of which results in the production of bacteria-specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which might be used for diagnostic purposes. Volatile metabolites can be investigated directly in exhaled air, allowing for noninvasive monitoring. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of VOCs produced by the six most abundant and pathogenic bacteria in sepsis, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. Such VOCs could be used as biological markers in the diagnostic approach of critically ill patients. A systematic review of existing literature revealed 31 articles. All six bacteria of interest produce isopentanol, formaldehyde, methyl mercaptan, and trimethylamine. Since humans do not produce these VOCs, they could serve as biological markers for presence of these pathogens. The following volatile biomarkers were found for identification of specific strains: isovaleric acid and 2-methyl-butanal for Staphylococcus aureus; 1-undecene, 2,4-dimethyl-1-heptane, 2-butanone, 4-methyl-quinazoline, hydrogen cyanide, and methyl thiocyanide for Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and methanol, pentanol, ethyl acetate, and indole for Escherichia coli. Notably, several factors that may effect VOC production were not controlled for, including used culture media, bacterial growth phase, and genomic variation within bacterial strains. In conclusion, VOCs produced by bacteria may serve as biological markers for their presence. Goal-targeted studies should be performed to identify potential sets of volatile biological markers and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of these markers in critically ill patients. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 7 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | 1 | 14% |
| United States | 1 | 14% |
| Switzerland | 1 | 14% |
| Unknown | 4 | 57% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Scientists | 4 | 57% |
| Members of the public | 3 | 43% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 468 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 5 | 1% |
| Spain | 2 | <1% |
| Colombia | 1 | <1% |
| Indonesia | 1 | <1% |
| Ireland | 1 | <1% |
| Australia | 1 | <1% |
| South Africa | 1 | <1% |
| Portugal | 1 | <1% |
| Peru | 1 | <1% |
| Other | 3 | <1% |
| Unknown | 451 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 92 | 20% |
| Researcher | 87 | 19% |
| Student > Master | 63 | 13% |
| Student > Bachelor | 40 | 9% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 25 | 5% |
| Other | 76 | 16% |
| Unknown | 85 | 18% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 94 | 20% |
| Chemistry | 53 | 11% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 49 | 10% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 48 | 10% |
| Engineering | 28 | 6% |
| Other | 82 | 18% |
| Unknown | 114 | 24% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 42. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 11 February 2023.
All research outputs
#984,269
of 25,374,917 outputs
Outputs from PLoS Pathogens
#895
of 9,468 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#7,398
of 205,420 outputs
Outputs of similar age from PLoS Pathogens
#10
of 176 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,374,917 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 96th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 9,468 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 20.4. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 90% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 205,420 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 96% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 176 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 94% of its contemporaries.