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Medication dispensing errors in Palestinian community pharmacy practice: a formal consensus using the Delphi technique

Overview of attention for article published in International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, June 2016
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Title
Medication dispensing errors in Palestinian community pharmacy practice: a formal consensus using the Delphi technique
Published in
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, June 2016
DOI 10.1007/s11096-016-0338-x
Pubmed ID
Authors

Ramzi Shawahna, Aseel Haddad, Baraa Khawaja, Rand Raie, Sireen Zaneen, Tasneem Edais

Abstract

Background Medication dispensing errors (MDEs) are frequent in community pharmacy practice. A definition of MDEs and scenarios representing MDE situations in Palestinian community pharmacy practice were not previously approached using formal consensus techniques. Objective This study was conducted to achieve consensus on a definition of MDEs and a wide range of scenarios that should or should not be considered as MDEs in Palestinian community pharmacy practice by a panel of community pharmacists. Setting Community pharmacy practice in Palestine. Method This was a descriptive study using the Delphi technique. A panel of fifty community pharmacists was recruited from different geographical locations of the West Bank of Palestine. A three round Delphi technique was followed to achieve consensus on a proposed definition of MDEs and 83 different scenarios representing potential MDEs using a nine-point scale. Main outcome measure Agreement or disagreement of a panel of community pharmacists on a proposed definition of MDEs and a series of scenarios representing potential MDEs. Results In the first Delphi round, views of key contact community pharmacists on MDEs were explored and situations representing potential MDEs were collected. In the second Delphi round, consensus was achieved to accept the proposed definition and to include 49 (59 %) of the 83 proposed scenarios as MDEs. In the third Delphi round, consensus was achieved to include further 13 (15.7 %) scenarios as MDEs, exclude 9 (10.8 %) scenarios and the rest of 12 (14.5 %) scenarios were considered equivocal based on the opinions of the panelists. Conclusion Consensus on a definition of MDEs and scenarios representing MDE situations in Palestinian community pharmacy practice was achieved using a formal consensus technique. The use of consensual definitions and scenarios representing MDE situations in community pharmacy practice might minimize methodological variations and their significant effects on the number and rate of MDEs reported in different studies.

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Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 37 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Unknown 37 100%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Researcher 7 19%
Student > Master 7 19%
Student > Ph. D. Student 4 11%
Student > Doctoral Student 3 8%
Student > Postgraduate 2 5%
Other 4 11%
Unknown 10 27%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science 11 30%
Medicine and Dentistry 5 14%
Psychology 4 11%
Nursing and Health Professions 3 8%
Economics, Econometrics and Finance 1 3%
Other 2 5%
Unknown 11 30%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 20 April 2017.
All research outputs
#14,931,166
of 22,965,074 outputs
Outputs from International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
#770
of 1,099 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#213,422
of 352,112 outputs
Outputs of similar age from International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
#21
of 28 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,965,074 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 32nd percentile – i.e., 32% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 1,099 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.4. This one is in the 27th percentile – i.e., 27% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 28 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 25th percentile – i.e., 25% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.