Title |
Acquiring and maintaining a normal oral microbiome: current perspective
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, June 2014
|
DOI | 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00085 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Egija Zaura, Elena A. Nicu, Bastiaan P. Krom, Bart J. F. Keijser |
Abstract |
The oral microbiota survives daily physical and chemical perturbations from the intake of food and personal hygiene measures, resulting in a long-term stable microbiome. Biological properties that confer stability in the microbiome are important for the prevention of dysbiosis-a microbial shift toward a disease, e.g., periodontitis or caries. Although processes that underlie oral diseases have been studied extensively, processes involved in maintaining of a normal, healthy microbiome are poorly understood. In this review we present our hypothesis on how a healthy oral microbiome is acquired and maintained. We introduce our view on the prenatal development of tolerance for the normal oral microbiome: we propose that development of fetal tolerance toward the microbiome of the mother during pregnancy is the major factor for a successful acquisition of a normal microbiome. We describe the processes that influence the establishment of such microbiome, followed by our perspective on the process of sustaining a healthy oral microbiome. We divide microbiome-maintenance factors into host-derived and microbe-derived, while focusing on the host. Finally, we highlight the need and directions for future research. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Indonesia | 1 | 20% |
Spain | 1 | 20% |
Unknown | 3 | 60% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 3 | 60% |
Scientists | 1 | 20% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 20% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | <1% |
Germany | 2 | <1% |
Spain | 2 | <1% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 421 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 66 | 15% |
Student > Master | 58 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 44 | 10% |
Researcher | 35 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 30 | 7% |
Other | 86 | 20% |
Unknown | 111 | 26% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 110 | 26% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 73 | 17% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 48 | 11% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 34 | 8% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 7 | 2% |
Other | 34 | 8% |
Unknown | 124 | 29% |