Title |
A network framework of cultural history
|
---|---|
Published in |
Science, August 2014
|
DOI | 10.1126/science.1240064 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Maximilian Schich, Chaoming Song, Yong-Yeol Ahn, Alexander Mirsky, Mauro Martino, Albert-László Barabási, Dirk Helbing |
Abstract |
The emergent processes driving cultural history are a product of complex interactions among large numbers of individuals, determined by difficult-to-quantify historical conditions. To characterize these processes, we have reconstructed aggregate intellectual mobility over two millennia through the birth and death locations of more than 150,000 notable individuals. The tools of network and complexity theory were then used to identify characteristic statistical patterns and determine the cultural and historical relevance of deviations. The resulting network of locations provides a macroscopic perspective of cultural history, which helps us to retrace cultural narratives of Europe and North America using large-scale visualization and quantitative dynamical tools and to derive historical trends of cultural centers beyond the scope of specific events or narrow time intervals. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 38 | 21% |
United Kingdom | 11 | 6% |
France | 9 | 5% |
Germany | 9 | 5% |
Canada | 7 | 4% |
Australia | 6 | 3% |
Spain | 5 | 3% |
Japan | 4 | 2% |
Italy | 3 | 2% |
Other | 23 | 13% |
Unknown | 67 | 37% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 121 | 66% |
Scientists | 56 | 31% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 3 | 2% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 1% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 11 | 2% |
Germany | 7 | 2% |
United Kingdom | 7 | 2% |
Spain | 4 | <1% |
Japan | 4 | <1% |
Denmark | 3 | <1% |
Italy | 3 | <1% |
Switzerland | 2 | <1% |
Australia | 2 | <1% |
Other | 14 | 3% |
Unknown | 407 | 88% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 120 | 26% |
Researcher | 92 | 20% |
Student > Master | 57 | 12% |
Other | 32 | 7% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 28 | 6% |
Other | 93 | 20% |
Unknown | 42 | 9% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 69 | 15% |
Computer Science | 60 | 13% |
Social Sciences | 54 | 12% |
Physics and Astronomy | 35 | 8% |
Arts and Humanities | 28 | 6% |
Other | 153 | 33% |
Unknown | 65 | 14% |