Title |
Human Rabies: a 2016 Update
|
---|---|
Published in |
Current Infectious Disease Reports, October 2016
|
DOI | 10.1007/s11908-016-0540-y |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Alan C. Jackson |
Abstract |
Rabies is a zoonotic disease that is usually transmitted to humans by animal bites. Dogs are the most important vector worldwide. There are encephalitic and paralytic forms of the disease. There are differences in the clinical features of the disease acquired from dogs and bats. Neuroimaging is non-specific. Confirmatory diagnostic laboratory tests for rabies include detection of neutralizing anti-rabies virus antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid and rabies virus antigen or RNA in tissues or fluids. Rabies is preventable after recognized exposures with wound cleansing and administration of rabies vaccine and rabies immune globulin. Rabies is virtually always fatal after clinical disease develops, and there have only been rare survivors. The Milwaukee protocol, which includes therapeutic coma, has been shown to be ineffective and should no longer be used. The development of novel therapeutic approaches may depend on a better understanding of basic mechanisms underlying the disease. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Japan | 257 | 23% |
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of | 4 | <1% |
Korea, Republic of | 3 | <1% |
China | 2 | <1% |
Turkey | 2 | <1% |
Bhutan | 2 | <1% |
Austria | 2 | <1% |
North Macedonia | 1 | <1% |
Comoros | 1 | <1% |
Other | 12 | 1% |
Unknown | 855 | 75% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 1135 | 99% |
Scientists | 5 | <1% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | <1% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 150 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 23 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 17 | 11% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 15 | 10% |
Researcher | 13 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 12 | 8% |
Other | 23 | 15% |
Unknown | 47 | 31% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 29 | 19% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 22 | 15% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 16 | 11% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 11 | 7% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 9 | 6% |
Other | 15 | 10% |
Unknown | 48 | 32% |