Title |
Gender Identity Outcome in Female-Raised 46,XY Persons with Penile Agenesis, Cloacal Exstrophy of the Bladder, or Penile Ablation
|
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Published in |
Archives of Sexual Behavior, August 2005
|
DOI | 10.1007/s10508-005-4342-9 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Heino F. L. Meyer-Bahlburg |
Abstract |
This review addresses the long-term gender outcome of gender assignment of persons with intersexuality and related conditions. The gender assignment to female of 46,XY newborns with severe genital abnormalities despite a presumably normal-male prenatal sex-hormone milieu is highly controversial because of variations in assumptions about the role of biological factors in gender identity formation. This article presents a literature review of gender outcome in three pertinent conditions (penile agenesis, cloacal exstrophy of the bladder, and penile ablation) in infancy or early childhood. The findings clearly indicate an increased risk of later patient-initiated gender re-assignment to male after female assignment in infancy or early childhood, but are nevertheless incompatible with the notion of a full determination of core gender identity by prenatal androgens. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 3 | 12% |
United States | 3 | 12% |
Sweden | 1 | 4% |
Spain | 1 | 4% |
Germany | 1 | 4% |
Unknown | 17 | 65% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 24 | 92% |
Scientists | 2 | 8% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | 3% |
Japan | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 108 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 17 | 15% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 15 | 13% |
Student > Master | 10 | 9% |
Researcher | 8 | 7% |
Student > Postgraduate | 7 | 6% |
Other | 30 | 26% |
Unknown | 27 | 24% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 30 | 26% |
Psychology | 24 | 21% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 9 | 8% |
Social Sciences | 8 | 7% |
Neuroscience | 4 | 4% |
Other | 8 | 7% |
Unknown | 31 | 27% |